Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Potential, Preparation Techniques, and Delivery Methods Across Medical Conditions

Syamand Ahmed Qadir; Qausar Hamed  ALKaisy; Abdulbasit F. Hasan; Farhang Hameed Awlqadr; Ammar B. Altemimi; Aryan Mahmood  Faraj; Angelo Maria Giuffrè; Mohammed N. Saeed; Sherzad Rasul  Abdalla

doi:10.24017/science.2024.2.6

Authors

Syamand Ahmed Qadir Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Halabja Technical Institute, Research center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6498-2643
Qausar Hamed ALKaisy Department of Dairy Science and Technology, College of Food Sciences, University of AL-Qasim Green, Al Qasim, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-6551
Abdulbasit F. Hasan Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8041-3360
Farhang Hameed Awlqadr Food Science and Quality Control, Halabja Technical College Applied Science, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1737-5920
Ammar B. Altemimi Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-5988
Aryan Mahmood Faraj Medical Laboratory Science Department, Halabja Technical College of Applied Sciences, Sulaimani Polytechnic University Sulaymaniyah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-3717
Angelo Maria Giuffrè Department Agraria, University of Studies Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-8056
Mohammed N. Saeed Department of Nutritional Analysis and Health, Kifri Technical college, Garmian Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah , Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6968-4252
Sherzad Rasul Abdalla Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Halabja Technical Institute, Research center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1324-6774

Abstract

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is revolutionizing the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders by leveraging the gut microbiome in innovative ways. This systematic review evaluates the clinical effectiveness and safety of FMT across various medical conditions, offering insights into its therapeutic potential and limitations. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2000 to December 2023 identified 97 relevant studies on FMT's efficacy, safety, and microbiome changes after eliminating duplicates. FMT has demonstrated high success rates, particularly in treating recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infections (CDI), with up to 90% effectiveness, establishing it as a primary treatment for antibiotic-resistant cases. FMT’s applications are expanding to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as metabolic disorders and neuropsychiatric conditions. Remission rates for IBD range from 37-45%, with outcomes influenced by donor characteristics, stool preparation, and disease subtype. with mild, self-limiting side effects such as transient diarrhea and abdominal cramping. However, rare serious adverse events underscore the need for rigorous donor screening and standardized preparation protocols to mitigate risks. FMT’s ability to restore healthy gut flora highlights its promise in both gastrointestinal and systemic disease management. However, further research is essential to establish optimized procedures, standardized guidelines, and long-term safety data to facilitate its integration into mainstream medical practice.

Keywords:

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), Therapy , Gut Microbiome , systematic review and Dysbiosis

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