Preparing Your Manuscript

Manuscript Structure

Title page
- The title of the manuscript should be brief but informative, as it may be used in information-retrieval systems.
- Avoid abbreviations where possible.

Abstract
- The abstract should be around 250 words, and it has to be a single paragraph, and should follow the style of structured abstracts, but without headings summarizing the objective, method, results, and conclusion of the study. It should be informative and not include descriptive words or citations. Together with the title, the abstract should serve as an index for the subjects covered in the paper and be suitable for indexing purposes.
- Abstract must be self-contained, without abbreviations, footnotes, or references. It should be a microcosm of the full article.
- Abstract must be written as one paragraph and should not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material.

Keywords
- Authors should provide 5 to 8 keywords that accurately describe the manuscript for indexing purposes and common within the subject discipline.

Introduction
- The introduction should provide background information that is accessible to readers from outside the field and explain the rationale behind the study.
- It should also include two to three paragraphs about relevant literature.
- It should include a paragraph to tell the readers why you felt it was important to publish this manuscript or to list the contribution of the paper
- It should include the layout of the manuscript.
- In-text citations to previous publications are to appear in sequential numeric order beginning with “1,” the first time that the reference is cited. Cited reference numbers are to be depicted using Arabic numerals, and must appear in parentheses either immediately after mention of the reference or its author/s in the sentence, or at the end of the sentence prior to the period ending the sentence.

Related Work
- Optional sections for computer science, engineering, or agriculture, or relevant per article's type.
- Authors are expected to thoroughly review and discuss existing research that is directly relevant to their study. This segment should meticulously map out the current state of knowledge, identifying both the advancements and the gaps that the present research addresses. A critical analysis of previous studies, highlighting their methodologies, findings, and limitations, is crucial. This analysis not only positions the authors' work within the larger academic conversation but also demonstrates its novelty and significance by contrasting it with what has already been done.

Materials and Methods
- The methods section should provide enough detail for an independent researcher to reproduce the study. Be sure to fully disclose where all materials came from. If any new formulations are used in the research, make sure to list all the ingredients and where they were sourced. Sharing this information promotes transparency and allows for proper replication of the study's methods and results.

Results 
- The results should be presented clearly and concisely in a logical sequence, supported by figures and/or tables. It should include the rationale behind the experiment's design and the outcomes achieved. All results should be presented here, with interpretations reserved for the discussion section. This helps readers differentiate between raw data and analysis, leading to a better understanding of the research conclusions.

Discussion
- The discussion section should emphasize on the new and important aspects of the study, placing the results in context with previous studies, the implications of the findings, and the conclusions that follow from the study results. It may also include the limitations of the study as well as future study directions. In some cases, a combined results and discussion section may be appropriate.

Conclusions
- The conclusion section should encapsulate the principal findings, explain their significance within the broader scholarly and practical context, and highlight the study's contribution. It should outline the implications of the research, acknowledge its limitations, and suggest avenues for future inquiry, thereby providing a clear, comprehensive summary that underlines the value and potential impact of the work. We encourage authors to conclude their work with reflective remarks or a call to action, which can inspire further research or application of their findings, thereby reinforcing the importance and reach of their study.

Figures
- Illustrations such as figures, and charts should in high resolution of 300 dots per inch (dpi).
- Illustrations should be referred to as Figure 1 to Figure N, using Arabic numerals. 
- All figures must be original, unless indicated otherwise and accompanied with permission to reproduce from the copyright holder (check journal policy)
- Provide figure caption at the bottom of the figure.
- A caption should be self-contained and consist of a brief title and a concise description of the illustration.
- All symbols and abbreviations used should be explained.
- Figures should be embedded within the body text, do not keep at the end of the manuscript
- Figures composed of multiple parts, label each segment accordingly with "(a)" and "(b)" for clarity and should each be described in order within the caption.

Tables
- List your tables here in sequential order from Table 1 to Table N.
- Use plain black and white lines, without shading or special fonts.
- Tables should be editable.
- Tables should fall within the margin of the manuscript.
- Tables should be embedded within the body text, do not keep at the end of the manuscript
- If the table is large and presented in two pages, in page 2, the header should be repeated as continuation of the page 1 like: Table 2: Continue. 

Mathematical Equations 
- Use Microsoft Equation Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation).
- Ensure that mathematical equations are submitted in an editable format and not as images.
- Include any equations and mathematical expressions in the main text of the paper.
- Identify equations that are referred to in the text by parenthetical numbers, such as (1), and refer to them in the manuscript as "equation (1)" etc.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
- Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have already been defined in the abstract. Common abbreviations such as IEEE, WHO, UN, DNA, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods should not have spaces.

Citations
- When writing a piece of academic work, you must acknowledge any sources that you have used. In your main body of writing, include a brief in-text ‘citation’ next to the material you used.
The IEEE style employs a numerical system, numbering citations [1] according to their appearance order. This citation leads your reader to a full reference to the source in the list of references at the end of your work. Before any punctuation, enclose each citation number in square brackets on the same line as the text, leaving a space before the bracket [2]. Once you cite a source, you use the same number for all subsequent citations to the same source. Here are some examples of IEEE style citation:

"The theory was first put forward in 1987 [1]."
“For example, Brown [2] suggested that”
“For example, Brown and Fidel [3] suggested that”
“... as shown by Brown et al. [4],”
"Recent studies [3, 4] suggested that..."
“Recent studies [3-5] suggested that...”
“Recent studies [3-5, 10-13] suggested that...”

Reference
- KJAR is using IEEE style (Font-size 8pt) make sure to follow the below examples, it is recommended to use citation management tools such Mendeley, Zotero, Endnote, or Online citation. In-text citations (e.g., [2]) should be arranged in the order in which they appear in the text. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa).

Journal article
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of article,” Title of journal, vol. number, issue number, page numbers, Abbreviated Month Year, DOI (if available, if not, URL should be provided).

References with up to six authors
[1] O. C. Abikoye, A. D. Haruna, A. Abubakar, N. O. Akande, and E. O. Asani, “Modified advanced encryption standard algorithm for information security,” Symmetry, vol. 11, no. 12, p. 1484, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.3390/sym11121484.

References with more than six authors
[2] S. Tomczyk et al., “The first WHO global survey on infection prevention and control in health-care facilities,” Lancet Infect. Dis., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 845–856, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00809-4.

Book
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, Book Title, edition (if not first). Place of publication: Publisher, Year, page numbers (if available), ISBN: xxxx-xxxx-xxxx (if available)
[3] I. A. Glover and P. M. Grant, Digital Communications, 3rd ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall, 2009, pp. 13-17.

Electronic Book
[Ref number] Author(s) Initial(s). Surname(s), Title of the E-book. xth ed. City, Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. Accessed: Abbreviated Month Day, Year.​ Page numbers. [Online]. Available: URL or DOI
[4] D. Ashby, Electrical Engineering 101: Everything You Should Have Learned In School – But Probably Didn’t. Boston, MA: Newnes, 2012. Accessed: Oct., 25, 2013, pp. 13–17. [Online]. DOI: https://doi.org/125364/125-22

Book chapter
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of chapter in book,” in Book Title, Series Title, edition (if not first), Editor’s initials. Editor’s Surname, Ed. Place of publication: Publisher, Year, page numbers, DOI.
[5] C. W. Li and G. J. Wang, "MEMS manufacturing techniques for tissue scaffolding devices," in Mems for Biomedical Applications, S. Bhansali and A. Vasudev, Eds. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2012, pp. 192-217, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46002-9_9

Handbooks
[Ref number] Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Name of Co., City of Co., State, Country, year, pp. xxx-xxx.
[6] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 1985, pp. 44–60.

Conference papers
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of paper,” Conference Title, City, Country, Year, pp. xxx, DOI.
[7] S. Adachi, T. Horio, T. Suzuki. "Intense vacuum-ultraviolet single-order harmonic pulse by a deep-ultraviolet driving laser," in Conference Lasers and Electro-Optics, San Jose, CA, 2012, pp.2118-2120, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46002-9_9.

Theses/Dissertations
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of thesis,” Designation type, Dept., Univ., City of Univ.,State, Year.
[8] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyser,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.

Websites
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Authors Surname. (Year, Month. Day). Title of web page [Online]. Available: URL
[9] BBC News. (2013, Nov. 11). Microwave signals turned into electrical power, Accessed: Oct. 13, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/-24897584

Cover Letter Structure

Authors and Affiliations
- The corresponding author should write all the co-authors and provide their full names, email, phone number, exact affiliations (department name, university name, city, country), and ORCiD ID per author.

Author Contribution
- KJAR follows the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) guidelines. Accordingly, all authors should meet authorship criteria and make substantial contributions to the work, including: "Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing". It is expected that all authors will have reviewed, discussed and agreed to their individual contributions as shared by the corresponding author.

Data Availability
- Authors are required to add statements that describe how readers can access the data or code supporting the reported results. Raw data supporting the findings should be available for the reviewers and editors when requested.

Conflicts of Interest
- Authors must declare all relevant interests that could be perceived as conflicting. Authors should explain why each interest may represent a conflict. If no conflicts exist, please state "The authors declare no conflict of interest." Submitting authors are responsible for coauthors declaring their interests.

Funding Statement
- Authors must state how the research and publication of their article were funded, by naming the financially supporting body(s) (written out in full) followed by the associated grant number(s) in square brackets (if applicable), for example: “This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the National Science Foundation [grant number zzzz]; and a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant”. If the study received no funding, please add: “This research received no external funding.”  

Acknowledgments
- All acknowledgements (if any) should be included at the very end of the manuscript before the references. Anyone who made a contribution to the research or manuscript, but who is not a listed author, should be acknowledged (with their permission).