Reservoir Productivity Analysis of Intercalated limestone and Anhydrite Beds in Zagros Folded Belt, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2020.1.1
Abstract views: 2195 / PDF downloads: 935Abstract
The Early Jurassic rock of Alan Formation in Barda Rash field has been examined using petrophysical wireline log analysis, drilling stem test, mud logging reports, drilling cutting and core samples for evaluation of reservoir potentiality and fluid production throughout heterogeneous rocks intervals in three exploration and appraisal wells. The Alan Formation consists of intercalation of light, chalky and argillaceous limestone beds with shale layers in the upper part and dominantly anhydrite layers from the middle to the lower parts of the formation. Qualitatively, weak oil shows of light brown to dark brown and blackish heavy oil have been observed while drilling. Furthermore, light brown trace oil has been recorded in the fracture surfaces of the core samples. The wireline log analysis provided an overestimated result for the hydrocarbon bearing interval identification and fluid movability index as the anhydrite layers confused the fluid distribution detection in the drilled interval. However, the combined results achieved from the mud logging reports and drilling stem tests were operated within the drilled intervals shown a limited productivity levels from the limestone beds of the Early Jurassic Alan Formation. The oil production from the studied interval does not exceed 10% and the entire production rates were composed of formation water with a trace amount of gases. As a result, the Early Jurassic Alan Formation can be considered as a tight carbonate reservoir rocks in the Barda Rash field.
Keywords:
Alan Formation, Carbonate, Well test, Hydrocarbon, Petrophysics, Zagros Basin
References
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104117
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[29] M. H. Rider, and M. Kenedy, The geological interpretation of well logs, Sutherland, Rider-French Consulting Ltd, 440, 2011.
[30] K. E. Dahlberg, A practical model for analysis of compensated neutron logs in complex formations. SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium, Denver,1989.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382088-4.00014-1
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[33] Schlumberger, Definition of porosity: How porosity is measured. Oil field review, 2012.
[34] R. C. Van Bellen, H. V. Dunnington, R. Wetzel, and D. M. Morton, Lexique Stratigraphique International: 03 10 Asie (Iraq). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,1959 (Reprinted by Gulfpetro Link, 2005).
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https://doi.org/10.1177/0144598718772317
[38] D. Hussein, R. Collier, J. Lawrence, F. Rashid, P.W.J. Glover, P. Lorinczi, and D.H. Baban, Stratigraphic correlation and paleoenvironmental analysis of the hydrocarbon-bearing Early Miocene Euphrates and Jeribe formations in the Zagros folded thrust-belt. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 10:543, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3342-0
[39] F. Rashid, D. O. Hussein and H.A. Zangana , Petrophysical Investigation of the Khurmala Formation in Taq Taq Oil Field, Zagros Folded Belt. ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY, 8(1), 5-16, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.10556
https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v1n1y2017.pp11-18
[2] B. Al-Qayim and F. Rashid, Reservoir Characteristics of the Albian Upper Qamchuqa Formation Carbonates, Taq Taq Oilfield, Kurdistan, Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 35, 317-341, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.2012.00533.x
[3] F. Rashid, P.W.J. Glover, P. Lorinczi, R. Collier, and J. Lawrence, , Porosity and permeability of tight carbonate reservoir rocks in the north of Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 133, 147-161,2015a.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2015.05.009
[4] F. Rashid, P.W.J. Glover, P. Lorinczi, , D. Hussein, , R. Collier, and J. Lawrence, Permeability prediction in tight carbonate rocks using capillary pressure measurements, Marine and Petroleum Geology, 68, 536-550, 2015b.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.10.005
[5] F. Rashid, P.W.J. Glover, P. Lorinczi, D. Hussein, and J. Lawrence, Microstructural controls on reservoir quality in tight oil carbonate reservoir rocks. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 156, 814-826, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.06.056
[6] B, Al-Qayim, and D. Othman, Reservoir characterization of an intra-orogenic carbonates platform: Pila Spi Formation, Taq Taq oil field, Kurdistan, Iraq. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 370, 139-168, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP370.7
[7] D. Hussein, J. Lawrence, F. Rashid, P. Glover, and P. Lorinczi, Developing pore size distribution models in heterogeneous carbonates using especially nuclear magnetic resonance. In Engineering in Chalk: Proceedings of the Chalk 2018 Conference (pp. 529-534). ICE Publishing, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1680/eiccf.64072.529
[8] A.A.M. Aqrawi, J.C. Goff, A.D. Horbury, F.N. Sadooni, The Petroleum Geology of Iraq. Scientific Press, Beaconsfield, 424, 2010.
[9] T.K. Al-Ameri and J. Zumberge, Middle and Upper Jurassic hydrocarbon potential of the Zagros Fold Belt, North Iraq. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 36, 13-34, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.04.004
[10] F. Rashid, D. Hussein, J.A. Lawrence, and P. Khanaqa, Characterization and impact on reservoir quality of fractures in the cretaceous Qamchuqa Formation, Zagros folded belt. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 113,104-117, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104117
[11] R.A. Abdula, Organic geochemical assessment of Jurassic potential source rock from Zab-1 well, Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 12(3), 53 - 64, 2016.
[12] W.S. El Diasty, S.Y. El Beialy , A.Q. Mahdi and K.E. Peters, Geochemical characterization of source rocks and oils from northern Iraq: Insights from biomarker and stable carbon isotope investigations. Marine and petroleum geology, 77, 1140-1162, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.07.019
[13] M.H. Hakimi, A.A. Najaf, R. A. Abdula and I. M.J.Mohialdeen, Generation and expulsion history of oil-source rock (Middle Jurassic Sargelu Formation) in the Kurdistan of north Iraq, Zagros folded belt: Implications from 1D basin modeling study. Marine and petroleum geology, 162, 852-872, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.11.013
[14] Ryder Scott Company Estimated unrisked discovered and undiscovered total petroleum initially in place attributable to certain interests in the Shaikan License Block, Kurdistan, Iraq. Report prepared for Gulf Keystone Petroleum Ltd, 2011.
[15] D. S. Mackertich, and A. I. Samarrai, History of hydrocarbon exploration in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. GeoArabia, 20(2), 181-220, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia2002181
[16] A. Law, D. Munn, A. Symms, D. ,Wilson, S. Hattingh, R. Boblecki, K. , Al Marei, P. Chernik, D. Parry and J. Ho , Competent person's report on certain petroleum interests of Gulf Keystone Petroleum and its subsidiaries in Kurdistan, Iraq. ERC Equipoise Ltd, 114, 2014.
[17] K. A. Mustafa, Geochemical and microfacies analysis of some liassic Formations in selected sections, Kurdistan, northern Iraq, unpublished M.Sc thesis, p. 105, University of Bergen, 2009.
[18] I. M. J. Mohialdeen, Hydrocarbon generation potential and palynological study of the early jurassic succession (Alan, Mus, and Adaiyah Formations) in well Miran-2, sulaimaniyah, kurdistan region, iraq. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 14(1), 13-30, 2017.
[19] M. S . Ameen, Possible forced folding in the Taurus-Zagros Belt of Northern Iraq , Geol Mag 128 (6) ,561-584,1991.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800019695
[20] S.Z. Jassim and J.C. Goff, The Geology of Iraq. Dolin, Prague, p. 341, 2006.
[21] M. M. Zebari, and C. M. Burberry, 4-D evolution of anticlines and implications for hydrocarbon exploration within the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. GeoArabia; Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain, 20, 161-188, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia2001161
[22] Komet Group S.A., Geological report on the complete drilling, well Barda Rash number 1, Barda Rash block, Kurdistan region of Iraq, 2009.
[23] Komet Group S.A., Geological report on the complete drilling, well Barda Rash number 2, Barda Rash block, Kurdistan region of Iraq, 2010.
[24] Komet Group S.A. , Geological report on the complete drilling, well Barda Rash number 3, Barda Rash block, Kurdistan region of Iraq,2011.
[25] D. V. Ellis, and J. M. Singer, Well logging for earth scientists. Dordrecht: Netherlands Springer, 2nd edition, 692, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4602-5
[26] G. Asquith, and D. Krygowski, Basic well log analysis, Tulsa, Oklahoma AAPG, 225, 2004.
https://doi.org/10.1306/Mth16823
[27] V. K. Sissakian, Geological map of Arbeel and Mahabad quadrangles, sheet NJ-38-13, 1/250000. Baghdad, Iraq: State establishment of geological survey and mining, 1997.
[28] V. K. Sissakian, D.H. Hagopian, and E. A. Hasan, Geological map of the Al-Mousl quadrangle, sheet NJ-38-14 and NJ-38-15, 1/250000. Baghdad, Iraq: State establishment of geological survey and mining, 1995.
[29] M. H. Rider, and M. Kenedy, The geological interpretation of well logs, Sutherland, Rider-French Consulting Ltd, 440, 2011.
[30] K. E. Dahlberg, A practical model for analysis of compensated neutron logs in complex formations. SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium, Denver,1989.
[31] J. Fanchi, Integrated reservoir asset management, Burlington, USA, Gulf professional publishing is an imprint of Elsevier, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382088-4.00014-1
[32] K. Bhuyan, and Q. R. Passey, Clay estimation from gamma ray and neutron-density porosity logs. SPWLA, 35th annual logging symposium, 1994
[33] Schlumberger, Definition of porosity: How porosity is measured. Oil field review, 2012.
[34] R. C. Van Bellen, H. V. Dunnington, R. Wetzel, and D. M. Morton, Lexique Stratigraphique International: 03 10 Asie (Iraq). Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,1959 (Reprinted by Gulfpetro Link, 2005).
[35] T. Buday, The Regional Geology of Iraq .V.L.; Stratigraphy and Paleogeography, Baghdad, S.O.M. Library, 445, 1980.
[36] R. Wiley, and J. G. Pachett, CNL (Compensated Neutron Log) neutron porosity modeling, a step forward. SPWLA 30th Annual Logging Symposium, June 11-14, 1989, Paper O O., 31, 1990.
[37] F. Ma, W. Yang, Y. Zhang, H. Li, M. Xie, X. Sun and Y. Wang Bai, Characterization of the reservoir-cap rock of the large basement reservoir in the Dongping field, Qaidam Basin, China. Energy Exploration and Exploitation, 36(6), 1498-1518, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0144598718772317
[38] D. Hussein, R. Collier, J. Lawrence, F. Rashid, P.W.J. Glover, P. Lorinczi, and D.H. Baban, Stratigraphic correlation and paleoenvironmental analysis of the hydrocarbon-bearing Early Miocene Euphrates and Jeribe formations in the Zagros folded thrust-belt. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 10:543, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3342-0
[39] F. Rashid, D. O. Hussein and H.A. Zangana , Petrophysical Investigation of the Khurmala Formation in Taq Taq Oil Field, Zagros Folded Belt. ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY, 8(1), 5-16, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.10556
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[1]
F. Rashid, “Reservoir Productivity Analysis of Intercalated limestone and Anhydrite Beds in Zagros Folded Belt, Kurdistan Region of Iraq”, KJAR, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–15, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.24017/science.2020.1.1.
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03-03-2020
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