Assessment of the Antifungal Activity of PMMA-MgO and PMMA-Ag Nanocomposite

Awder Nuree Arf; Fadil Abdullah kareem; Younis Khalid Khdir; Muhammad Sohail Zafar

doi:10.24017/science.2024.1.6

Authors

Awder Nuree Arf Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-4962
Fadil Abdullah kareem Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-8657
Younis Khalid Khdir Department of Technical Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5861-1283
Muhammad Sohail Zafar Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawwarrah, Saudi Arabia | Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, University of Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates | Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-7067

Abstract

Orthodontic acrylic resin is used in the construction of orthodontic appliances. It lacks antimicrobial properties and is prone to microbial infection. So, the infection associated with it can be reduced via modification of orthodontic acrylic resin with nanoparticles (NPs) incorporation. The study directed to evaluate the antifungal properties of modified orthodontic acrylic resin incorporated with magnesium oxide (MgO)-NPs and silver (Ag)-NPs. NPs were mixed with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in ethanol-assisted mixing method. Disc samples (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) of PMMA-MgO, PMMA-Ag nanocomposites and PMMA alone (as control) were prepared. Then, C. albicans was isolated and identified clinically through taking swabs from acrylic denture base orthodontic appliances, cultured on a Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium, followed by transferring on HiCrome™ candida Differential agar which is a selective and differential medium to distinguish distinct Candida species. The polymerase chain reaction was performed and the amplicon was separated by 2% gel electrophoresis and then visualised by ethidium bromide. DNA sequencing was performed on the sample at Sanger sequencing/ ABI 3500. Antifungal activity of PMMA-MgO and PMMA-Ag (1%, 3% and 5% of NPs) was conducted through disc diffusion assay and colony forming unit counts. The result showed a decrease in the number of adhered Candida albicans (C. albicans) of all concentrations of both nanocomposite and the decrease was statistically significant (P<0.05) in all experimental groups except MgO-NPs 1% and 3%. Increasing the concentration of NPs was associated with decrease in the adhered C. albicans. It was concluded that PMMA-MgO and PMMA-Ag nanocomposites showed anti-adherence activities against clinically isolated C. albicans in concentration dependent manner.

Keywords:

Nanoparticles, PMMA, Antifungal property, Candida albicans, MgO, Ag

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