Bioaccumulation and Evaluation of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity and Combination Effects of Vitamin E and C with it on Exposed Male Rats
https://doi.org/10.24017/Science.2023.1.1
Abstract views: 903 / PDF downloads: 283Abstract
In the recent years, MgO nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have been one of the metal oxide nanoparticles that used in various medicinal fields. Despite MgO NPs' widespread use, a little is known regarding their cytotoxic effects on health. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic dose of MgO NPs that prepared by the sol-gel method and the roles of vitamins E and C in the toxicity that is produced by MgO NPs. The MgO NPs were characterized and several amounts (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) were orally administrated for 28 days to male Wister rats. Toxic dosimetry was evaluated using metal content analysis, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and serum ROS estimation. Then toxic doses of MgO NPs were administered orally with vitamins E and C, or a combination of them for six weeks, twice a week. The result showed 500 mg/kg bw/day MgO NPs is considered as a toxic and leads to a significant Mg bioaccumulation in the liver (P < 0.001) and significantly increased serum ROS (P<0.001) and histopathological damage in the liver and kidney with an immunologic response. Administration of vitamin E with MgO NPs significantly increased serum ROS and adversely affected blood parameters and histological damage to the liver and kidney. The combination of vitamins E and C with MgO NPs significantly reduced the immunologic response to MgO NPs, but serum ROS levels increased significantly with histopathological damage in vital organs. Vitamin C significantly reduced MgO NPs-induced damage in kidney and liver tissues. In the conclusion, MgO NPs are toxic at high doses. Administration of vitamin E alone or combined vitamin E and C with toxic doses of MgO NPs increases their toxicity. However, vitamin C was shown to be histopathologically protective. Therefore, a serious caution should be considered when vitamins are administered with nanoparticles.
Keywords:
Hematology, ROS, Bioaccumulation, Metal Content Analysis, MgO Nanoparticle
References
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https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22526
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https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC00636H
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https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429289309-6
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https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex274
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.128
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https://doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-21000428
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https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b16055
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https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR05480F
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-04752-4
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https://doi.org/10.15251/JOR.2022.183.443
[28] S. H. Jaafar et al., "Influence of Calcination Temperature on Crystal Growth and Optical Characteristics of Eu3+ Doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 Composites Fabricated via Simple Thermal Treatment Method," Crystals, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 115, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020115
[29] A. Mohammad, M. Mohammed, and L. Hussein, "Structural, Magnetic And Optical Properties Of Co0. 5Ni0. 5Fe2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized By Sol-Gel Auto Combustion Method," Digest Journal Of Nanomaterials And Biostructures, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 231-241, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.15251/DJNB.2020.151.231
[30] D. Raoufi, "Synthesis and microstructural properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by precipitation method," Renewable Energy, vol. 50, pp. 932-937, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.08.076
[31] N. Asare et al., "Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles in testicular cells," Toxicology, vol. 291, no. 1-3, pp. 65-72, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2011.10.022
[32] T. S. Hauck, R. E. Anderson, H. C. Fischer, S. Newbigging, and W. C. Chan, "In vivo quantum?dot toxicity assessment," Small, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 138-144, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200900626
[33] L. Espinosa-Cristobal et al., "Toxicity, distribution, and accumulation of silver nanoparticles in Wistar rats," Journal of nanoparticle research, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1-12, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1702-6
[34] N. Hadrup and H. R. Lam, "Oral toxicity of silver ions, silver nanoparticles and colloidal silver-a review," Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.11.002
[35] D. R. Dufour, J. A. Lott, F. S. Nolte, D. R. Gretch, R. S. Koff, and L. B. Seeff, "Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury. I. Performance characteristics of laboratory tests," Clinical chemistry, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 2027-2049, 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.12.2027
[36] C. E. Ophardt, "Virtual chembook," Elmhurst College, pp. 121-125, 2003.
[37] G.-Y. Liou and P. Storz, "Reactive oxygen species in cancer," Free radical research, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 479-496, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.3109/10715761003667554
[38] C. Mylonas and D. Kouretas, "Lipid peroxidation and tissue damage," In Vivo (Athens, Greece), vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 295-309, 1999.
[39] M. Kumari et al., "Repeated oral dose toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles: biochemical and histopathological alterations in different tissues of rats," Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 2149-2159, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2012.5796
[40] F. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, X. Chang, C. Chen, and Y. Zhao, "Cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials," small, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1322-1337, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201100001
[41] O. B. Nnamdi, J. Nyebuchi, A. O. Collins, and Z. L. Udu, "Effects of Vitamin E on Chronic Haematoxicity of Paraquat Exposed Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)."
[42] R. Saravanan and V. Pugalendi, "Impact of ursolic acid on chronic ethanol-induced oxidative stress in the rat heart," Pharmacological Reports, vol. 58, no. 1, p. 41, 2006.
[43] E. J. Simon, C. S. Gross, and A. T. Milhorat, "The metabolism of vitamin E. 1. The absorption and excretion of d-?-tocopheroI-5-methyl-C14-succinate," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 221, pp. 797-805, 1956.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65193-2
[44] J. Abilés et al., "Oxidative stress is increased in critically ill patients according to antioxidant vitamins intake, independent of severity: a cohort study," Critical care, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1-9, 2006.
[45] M. Mayer, "Association of serum bilirubin concentration with risk of coronary artery disease," Clinical chemistry, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 1723-1727, 2000.
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S. I. Majeed, S. Mustafa Mohammed, and A. Mustafa Mohammad, “Bioaccumulation and Evaluation of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity and Combination Effects of Vitamin E and C with it on Exposed Male Rats”, KJAR, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–10, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.24017/Science.2023.1.1.
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03-02-2023
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Pure and Applied Science
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Copyright (c) 2023 Soma Ismael Majeed, Sulaf Mustafa Mohammed, Ali Mustafa Mohammad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
