Effect of Cannabis Seeds on Some Biomedical Parameters in Male Rats
https://doi.org/10.24017/Science.2022.1.12
Abstract views: 649 / PDF downloads: 333Abstract
Cannabis, sometimes known as hemp, is a plant that originated in Central Asia. Cannabis seeds nutritional profile is astounding. Cannabis seed, most digestible, balanced, natural, and complete supply of protein, amino acids, and necessary fats found anyplace in nature when it is in its pristine organic natural condition. Cannabis seeds can be used in a variety of medical fields. Each 100 gm of the seeds used in the study contains 26, 37 and 20 gm of protein, fat and carbohydrate respectively. The present study used two groups of male rats (control and treatment groups). Rats were 11 weeks of average age. 10 mg/kg of body weight of powdered cannabis seeds were administrated orally to treatment group daily for 15 days. Alkaline Phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALP, GPT, and GOT), creatinine and uric acid was done for estimating the effect of cannabis seeds on renal and liver function. Enzymes Alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALP, GPT, and GOT) as well as creatinine, uric acid and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were not significantly (p<0.05) different in both groups. Level of Cholesterol, triglyceride and c-reactive protein were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in treatment group comparing to control group. The aim of this study is to examine physiological impact of cannabis whole seeds. Identifying the relationship(s) between liver and renal functions and cannabis seeds, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabis seeds and possible of using cannabis seeds as herbal medicine for health care in male rats.
Keywords:
cannabis seeds, renal function, liver function, anti-inflammatory effect.
References
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[2] S. A. Bonini, M. Premoli, S. Tambaro, A. Kumar, G. Maccarinelli, M. Memo, et al., "Cannabis sativa: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a medicinal plant with a long history," Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 227, pp. 300-315, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.004
[3] S. K. Aggarwal, G. T. Carter, M. D. Sullivan, C. ZumBrunnen, R. Morrill, and J. D. Mayer, "Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions," Journal of opioid management, vol. 5, pp. 153-168, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.5055/jom.2009.0016
[4] O. Okwari, C. Emerole, K. Dasofunjo, E. Alagwu, T. Olatunji, and E. Osim, "Impact of repeated administration of Cannabis sativa on some biochemical parameters in albino rats," J. Pharm. Biol. Sci, vol. 9, pp. 51-57, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-09125157
[5] P.-A. Chouvy, "Territorial control and the scope and resilience of cannabis and other illegal drug crop cultivation," EchoGéo, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.4000/echogeo.17509
[6] M. D. Kleinhenz, G. Magnin, S. M. Ensley, J. J. Griffin, J. Goeser, E. Lynch, et al., "Nutrient concentrations, digestibility, and cannabinoid concentrations of industrial hemp plant components," Applied Animal Science, vol. 36, pp. 489-494, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2020-02018
[7] H. Goyal, M. R. Rahman, A. Perisetti, N. Shah, and R. Chhabra, "Cannabis in liver disorders: a friend or a foe?," European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, vol. 30, pp. 1283-1290, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000001256
[8] C. S. Reiss, "Cannabinoids and viral infections," Pharmaceuticals, vol. 3, pp. 1873-1886, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph3061873
[9] S. Lake, T. Kerr, D. Werb, R. Haines?Saah, B. Fischer, G. Thomas, et al., "Guidelines for public health and safety metrics to evaluate the potential harms and benefits of cannabis regulation in Canada," Drug and alcohol review, vol. 38, pp. 606-621, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12971
[10] Y. Xu, J. Li, J. Zhao, W. Wang, J. Griffin, Y. Li, et al., "Hempseed as a nutritious and healthy human food or animal feed source: a review," International Journal of Food Science & Technology, vol. 56, pp. 530- 543, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14755
[11] B. Farinon, R. Molinari, L. Costantini, and N. Merendino, "The seed of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional quality and potential functionality for human health and nutrition," Nutrients, vol. 12, p. 1935, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071935
[12] H. Alsamri, K. Athamneh, G. Pintus, A. H. Eid, and R. Iratni, "Pharmacological and Antioxidant Activities of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac)," Antioxidants, vol. 10, p. 73, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010073
[13] C. E. Heckler, "Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis," Technometrics, vol. 47, pp. 517-517, 2005/11/01 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1198/tech.2005.s319
[14] S. Colnot and C. Perret, "Liver zonation," in Molecular pathology of liver diseases, ed: Springer, 2011, pp. 7-16.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7107-4_2
[15] A. Kalra, E. Yetiskul, C. J. Wehrle, and F. Tuma, "Physiology, liver," 2018.
[16] H. H. Birdsall and A. Casadevall, "Adaptive immunity: antibodies and immunodeficiencies," Principles and practice of infectious diseases, pp. 34-49, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00005-9
[17] D. G. Levitt and M. D. Levitt, "Human serum albumin homeostasis: a new look at the roles of synthesis, catabolism, renal and gastrointestinal excretion, and the clinical value of serum albumin measurements," International journal of general medicine, vol. 9, p. 229, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S102819
[18] M. Zakaria, A. B. Karim, M. M. Hossain, M. W. Mazumder, M. M. Zaman, and N. Parvin, "A Determination of the Serum Ascitic Fluid Albumin Concentration Gradient in Children with Chronic Liver Disease and Nephrotic Syndrome," American Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 6, pp. 386-391, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200604.11
[19] R. N. Moman, N. Gupta, and M. Varacallo, "Physiology, Albumin," 2017.
[20] J. S. Kumar, R. Gayathri, and V. V. Priya, "Evaluation of salivary total proteins, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio among healthy individuals and patients with chronic gingivitis," Drug Invention Today, vol. 10, 2018.
[21] M. R. McGill, "The past and present of serum aminotransferases and the future of liver injury biomarkers," EXCLI journal, vol. 15, p. 817, 2016.
[22] R. B. Birudu, P. Pamulapati, and S. K. Manoharan, "Evaluation of biochemical changes in diabetic rats treated with Aegle marmelos (L.) methanolic leaf extract," Pharmacognosy Research, vol. 12, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.4103/pr.pr_53_19
[23] P. Katiyar, A. Kumar, A. K. Mishra, R. K. Dixit, and A. K. Gupta, "Effect of Kasni seed preparations on serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels in newly diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus," 2015.
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150643
[24] D. Lowe, T. Sanvictores, and S. John, "Alkaline phosphatase," 2017.
[25] M. Li, L. Gu, J. Yang, and Q. Lou, "Serum uric acid to creatinine ratio correlates with ??cell function in type 2 diabetes," Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, vol. 34, p. e3001, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3001
[26] M. D. Blaufox, "PET measurement of renal glomerular filtration rate: is there a role in nuclear medicine?," Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 57, pp. 1495-1496, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.174607
[27] A. Christensson, J. A. Ash, R. K. DeLisle, F. W. Gaspar, R. Ostroff, A. Grubb, et al., "The impact of the glomerular filtration rate on the human plasma proteome," PROTEOMICS-Clinical Applications, vol. 12, p. 1700067, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1002/prca.201700067
[28] T. Toyama, K. Furuichi, M. Shimizu, A. Hara, Y. Iwata, N. Sakai, et al., "Relationship between serum uric acid levels and chronic kidney disease in a Japanese cohort with normal or mildly reduced kidney function," PloS one, vol. 10, p. e0137449, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137449
[29] C. G. Musso, J. Álvarez-Gregori, J. Jauregui, and J. F. Macías-Núñez, "Glomerular filtration rate equations: a comprehensive review," International urology and nephrology, vol. 48, pp. 1105-1110, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-016-1276-1
[30] A. Maloberti, S. Maggioni, L. Occhi, N. Triglione, F. Panzeri, S. Nava, et al., "Sex?related relationships between uric acid and target organ damage in hypertension," The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, vol. 20, pp. 193-200, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13136
[31] K. R. Feingold and C. Grunfeld, "Introduction to lipids and lipoproteins," 2015.
[32] H. G. Lawman, R. P. Troiano, F. M. Perna, C.-Y. Wang, C. D. Fryar, and C. L. Ogden, "Associations of relative handgrip strength and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in US adults, 2011-2012," American journal of preventive medicine, vol. 50, pp. 677-683, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.10.022
[33] S. S. Carr, A. J. Hooper, D. R. Sullivan, and J. R. Burnett, "Non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B compared with LDL-cholesterol in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment," Pathology, vol. 51, pp. 148-154, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.006
[34] E. Ruiz-Gastélum, A. Díaz-Aragón, and H. Álvarez-López, "Triglycerides: are they or are they not a cardiovascular risk factor?," Cardiovascular and Metabolic Science, vol. 32, pp. 231-235, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.35366/100803
[35] A. M. Umpleby, F. Shojaee-Moradie, B. Fielding, X. Li, A. Marino, N. Alsini, et al., "Impact of liver fat on the differential partitioning of hepatic triacylglycerol into VLDL subclasses on high and low sugar diets," Clinical science, vol. 131, pp. 2561-2573, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171208
[36] T. Polepalle, S. Moogala, S. Boggarapu, D. S. Pesala, and F. B. Palagi, "Acute phase proteins and their role in periodontitis: a review," Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, vol. 9, p. ZE01, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/15692.6728
[37] C. Bray, L. N. Bell, H. Liang, R. Haykal, F. Kaiksow, J. J. Mazza, et al., "Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein measurements and their relevance in clinical medicine," Wmj, vol. 115, pp. 317- 321, 2016
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[1]
K. A. Hassan, S. O. Hamabor, and H. M. Wassman, “Effect of Cannabis Seeds on Some Biomedical Parameters in Male Rats”, KJAR, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 133–140, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.24017/Science.2022.1.12.
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21-09-2022
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