Assessment of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Growth and Yield Component by Application of Local Granular Organic Fertilizer, Peat and Inorganic Fertilizer: Comparative Study
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.2.19
Abstract views: 1636 / PDF downloads: 1166Abstract
This study was conducted to increase the productivity of a local variety of chickpea in the Kurdistan region by amending and improving Bakrajo soil with locally made granular organic fertilizer (GOF) and peat and also optimizing the rate of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (INR). The experimental design used in this study was randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study, Bakrajo soil was treated with two types of organic fertilizer with different rates which were granular organic fertilizer (GOF) and peat. The treatment combinations were soil amendment (SA) with three different rates which were (Soil + 0, 4 and 8 % granular organic fertilizer (GOF)(w/w)) and (Soil + 0, 4 and 8 % peat (w/w)). The inorganic N fertilizer used in this study was applied in three different rates (0, 30 and 60 ppm INR) in form of Urea in water) each rate of INR was measured according to the weight of the soil in the pot. Growth characteristic and yield components were determined in this research. The growth characteristics included the height of plant, number of branches, days to 50% flowering (days), days to physiological maturity (days) and yield components were: pods number /plant, seed number/plant, seeds weight/plant (g), hundred seed weight (g) and grain yield (kg/ha. The result showed that the main effect of SA gave maximum plant height, number of branches, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, weight of seeds/plant, hundred seeds weight and grain yield was observed when the plant is grown under SA of (Soil + 8% GOF) treatment and application of 60 ppm INR also gave highest value of each of growth characteristic and yield components. While the combination of SA (Soil+8% GOF) with 30 ppm INR illustrated maximum value of growth characteristic and yield component. The result of this study illustrates that amending soil with 8% of GOF optimizes the rate of inorganic N fertilizer.
Keywords:
Chickpea, Granular organic fertilizer, peat, morphology and yield.
References
[1] B. Merga and J. Haji, "Economic importance of chickpea: Production, value, and world trade," Cogent Food & Agriculture, vol. 5, p. 1615718, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1615718
[2] F. J. Muehlbauer and A. Sarker, "Economic importance of chickpea: production, value, and world trade," in The chickpea genome, ed: Springer, 2017, pp. 5-12.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66117-9_2
[3] V. Naik, P. Patel, and B. Patel, "Study on effect of different organics on yield and quality of organically grown onion," The Bioscan, vol. 9, pp. 1499-1503, 2014.
[4] M. Khan, W. Al-Busaidi, R. Janke, and I. Al-Kindi, "Use of soil amendments in sustainable organic farming systems," Bioscience Research, vol. 15, pp. 4128-4135, 2018.
[5] M. Uchimiya, I. M. Lima, K. T. Klasson, and L. H. Wartelle, "Contaminant immobilization and nutrient release by biochar soil amendment: roles of natural organic matter," Chemosphere, vol. 80, pp. 935-940, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.020
[6] S. Loper, A. L. Shober, C. Wiese, G. C. Denny, C. D. Stanley, and E. F. Gilman, "Organic soil amendment and tillage affect soil quality and plant performance in simulated residential landscapes," HortScience, vol. 45, pp. 1522-1528, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.10.1522
[7] E. Garzón, F. González-Andrés, V. García-Martínez, and J. De Paz, "Mineralization and nutrient release of an organic fertilizer made by flour, meat, and crop residues in two vineyard soils with different pH levels," Communications in soil science and plant analysis, vol. 42, pp. 1485-1496, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.581719
[8] J. O. Ahmed, D. Y. Mohammad, A. R. Abdulla, and C. H. N. Meerza, "Comparison of Growth Traits and Yields Components of five Chickpeas Genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) at Bakrajo/Sulaymaniyah Conditions," Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, vol. 3, pp. 1-5, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.2.3.1
[9] R. Sardar, "chickpea is imported from Mexico while we have our fertilized land," sulaimany chamber of commerce and industry 2017.
[10] A. J. Mjeed and M. A. Ali, "Effect of Gyttja and Nitrogen Applications on Growth and Flowering of Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus L.) Plant in the Two Soils Depth," Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, vol. 2, pp. 1-7, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.1.1
[11] M. Islam, S. Islam, A. Akter, M. Rahman, and D. Nandwani, "Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties and the growth, yield and quality of tomato in Mymensingh, Bangladesh," Agriculture, vol. 7, p. 18, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7030018
[12] E. Oyinlola, "RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) TO NITROGEN APPLICATION IN A SAVANNA ALFISOL/RESPUESTA DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) A LA APLICACIÃ N NITROGENADA EN UN ALFISOL DE LA SABANA/RÃ PONSE DU TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) Ã L'APPLICATION D'AZOTE DANS UN ALFISOL DE SAVANE," 2015.
[13] F. Oad, U. Buriro, and S. Agha, "Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on maize fodder production," Asian J. Plant Sci, vol. 3, pp. 375-377, 2004.
https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2004.375.377
[14] A. A. Bahr, "Effect of plant density and urea foliar application on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)," Res. J. Agri. and Biological Sci, vol. 3, pp. 220-223, 2007.
[15] T. Ye, Y. Li, J. Zhang, W. Hou, W. Zhou, J. Lu, Y. Xing, and X. Li, "Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization affects the flowering time of rice (Oryza sativa L.)," Global Ecology and Conservation, vol. 20, p. e00753, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00753
[16] M. Yusuf Ali, C. Johansen, L. Krishnamurthy, and A. Hamid, "Genotypic variation in root systems of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) across environments," Journal of agronomy and crop science, vol. 191, pp. 464-472, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2005.00177.x
[17] N. C. Turner, S. Abbo, J. D. Berger, S. Chaturvedi, R. J. French, C. Ludwig, D. Mannur, S. Singh, and H. Yadava, "Osmotic adjustment in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) results in no yield benefit under terminal drought," Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 58, pp. 187-194, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl192
[18] H. Salehi, C. B. Ransom, H. F. Oraby, Z. Seddighi, and M. B. Sticklen, "Delay in flowering and increase in biomass of transgenic tobacco expressing the Arabidopsis floral repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C," Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 162, pp. 711-717, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.12.002
[19] A. Saleem, A. Haqqani, H. Javed, Z. Ali, and J. Fateh, "Economical level of NP-fertilizer for growing maize crop in Pakistan," Int. J. Agric. Bio, vol. 8, pp. 567-568, 2006.
[20] K. Mohammadi, A. Ghalavand, and M. Aghaalikhani, "Effect of organic matter and biofertilizers on chickpea quality and biological nitrogen fixation," World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 44, pp. 1154-1159, 2010.
[21] M. Shukla, R. Patel, R. Verma, P. Deewan, and M. Dotaniya, "Effect of bio-organics and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under middle Gujarat conditions," Vegetos, vol. 26, pp. 183-187, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.5958/j.2229-4473.26.1.026
[22] I. Sohu, A. W. Gandahi, G. R. Bhutto, M. S. Sarki, and R. Gandahi, "Growth and Yield Maximization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Through Integrated Nutrient Management Applied to Rice-Chickpea Cropping System," Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 31, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2015/31.2.131.138
[23] R. Ebaid and I. El-Refaee, "Utilization of rice husk as an organic fertilizer to improve productivity and water use efficiency in rice fields," in 8th African Crop Science Society Conference, El-Minia, Egypt, 27-31 October 2007, 2007, pp. 1923-1928.
[24] G. N. Chemining'wa and J. K. Vessey, "The abundance and efficacy of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in cultivated soils of the eastern Canadian prairie," Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 38, pp. 294-302, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.05.007
[25] M. Erman, S. Demir, E. Ocak, ?. Tüfenkçi, F. O?uz, and A. Akköprü, "Effects of Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and whey applications on some properties in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions 1-Yield, yield components, nodulation and AMF colonization," Field Crops Research, vol. 122, pp. 14-24, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.02.002
[26] N. Togay, Y. Togay, K. M. Cimrin, and M. Turan, "Effects of Rhizobium inoculation, sulfur and phosphorus applications on yield, yield components and nutrient uptakes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)," African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 7, 2008.
[27] R. Hayat, S. Ali, M. T. Siddique, and T. H. Chatha, "Biological nitrogen fixation of summer legumes and their residual effects on subsequent rainfed wheat yield," Pak J Bot, vol. 40, pp. 711-722, 2008.
[28] S. Karmakar, C. Laguë, J. Agnew, and H. Landry, "Integrated decision support system (DSS) for manure management: A review and perspective," Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 57, pp. 190-201, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2007.03.006
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1615718
[2] F. J. Muehlbauer and A. Sarker, "Economic importance of chickpea: production, value, and world trade," in The chickpea genome, ed: Springer, 2017, pp. 5-12.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66117-9_2
[3] V. Naik, P. Patel, and B. Patel, "Study on effect of different organics on yield and quality of organically grown onion," The Bioscan, vol. 9, pp. 1499-1503, 2014.
[4] M. Khan, W. Al-Busaidi, R. Janke, and I. Al-Kindi, "Use of soil amendments in sustainable organic farming systems," Bioscience Research, vol. 15, pp. 4128-4135, 2018.
[5] M. Uchimiya, I. M. Lima, K. T. Klasson, and L. H. Wartelle, "Contaminant immobilization and nutrient release by biochar soil amendment: roles of natural organic matter," Chemosphere, vol. 80, pp. 935-940, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.020
[6] S. Loper, A. L. Shober, C. Wiese, G. C. Denny, C. D. Stanley, and E. F. Gilman, "Organic soil amendment and tillage affect soil quality and plant performance in simulated residential landscapes," HortScience, vol. 45, pp. 1522-1528, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.10.1522
[7] E. Garzón, F. González-Andrés, V. García-Martínez, and J. De Paz, "Mineralization and nutrient release of an organic fertilizer made by flour, meat, and crop residues in two vineyard soils with different pH levels," Communications in soil science and plant analysis, vol. 42, pp. 1485-1496, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.581719
[8] J. O. Ahmed, D. Y. Mohammad, A. R. Abdulla, and C. H. N. Meerza, "Comparison of Growth Traits and Yields Components of five Chickpeas Genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) at Bakrajo/Sulaymaniyah Conditions," Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, vol. 3, pp. 1-5, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.2.3.1
[9] R. Sardar, "chickpea is imported from Mexico while we have our fertilized land," sulaimany chamber of commerce and industry 2017.
[10] A. J. Mjeed and M. A. Ali, "Effect of Gyttja and Nitrogen Applications on Growth and Flowering of Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus L.) Plant in the Two Soils Depth," Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, vol. 2, pp. 1-7, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.1.1
[11] M. Islam, S. Islam, A. Akter, M. Rahman, and D. Nandwani, "Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties and the growth, yield and quality of tomato in Mymensingh, Bangladesh," Agriculture, vol. 7, p. 18, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture7030018
[12] E. Oyinlola, "RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) TO NITROGEN APPLICATION IN A SAVANNA ALFISOL/RESPUESTA DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) A LA APLICACIÃ N NITROGENADA EN UN ALFISOL DE LA SABANA/RÃ PONSE DU TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) Ã L'APPLICATION D'AZOTE DANS UN ALFISOL DE SAVANE," 2015.
[13] F. Oad, U. Buriro, and S. Agha, "Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer application on maize fodder production," Asian J. Plant Sci, vol. 3, pp. 375-377, 2004.
https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2004.375.377
[14] A. A. Bahr, "Effect of plant density and urea foliar application on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)," Res. J. Agri. and Biological Sci, vol. 3, pp. 220-223, 2007.
[15] T. Ye, Y. Li, J. Zhang, W. Hou, W. Zhou, J. Lu, Y. Xing, and X. Li, "Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization affects the flowering time of rice (Oryza sativa L.)," Global Ecology and Conservation, vol. 20, p. e00753, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00753
[16] M. Yusuf Ali, C. Johansen, L. Krishnamurthy, and A. Hamid, "Genotypic variation in root systems of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) across environments," Journal of agronomy and crop science, vol. 191, pp. 464-472, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2005.00177.x
[17] N. C. Turner, S. Abbo, J. D. Berger, S. Chaturvedi, R. J. French, C. Ludwig, D. Mannur, S. Singh, and H. Yadava, "Osmotic adjustment in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) results in no yield benefit under terminal drought," Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 58, pp. 187-194, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl192
[18] H. Salehi, C. B. Ransom, H. F. Oraby, Z. Seddighi, and M. B. Sticklen, "Delay in flowering and increase in biomass of transgenic tobacco expressing the Arabidopsis floral repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C," Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 162, pp. 711-717, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2004.12.002
[19] A. Saleem, A. Haqqani, H. Javed, Z. Ali, and J. Fateh, "Economical level of NP-fertilizer for growing maize crop in Pakistan," Int. J. Agric. Bio, vol. 8, pp. 567-568, 2006.
[20] K. Mohammadi, A. Ghalavand, and M. Aghaalikhani, "Effect of organic matter and biofertilizers on chickpea quality and biological nitrogen fixation," World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 44, pp. 1154-1159, 2010.
[21] M. Shukla, R. Patel, R. Verma, P. Deewan, and M. Dotaniya, "Effect of bio-organics and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under middle Gujarat conditions," Vegetos, vol. 26, pp. 183-187, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.5958/j.2229-4473.26.1.026
[22] I. Sohu, A. W. Gandahi, G. R. Bhutto, M. S. Sarki, and R. Gandahi, "Growth and Yield Maximization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Through Integrated Nutrient Management Applied to Rice-Chickpea Cropping System," Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, vol. 31, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2015/31.2.131.138
[23] R. Ebaid and I. El-Refaee, "Utilization of rice husk as an organic fertilizer to improve productivity and water use efficiency in rice fields," in 8th African Crop Science Society Conference, El-Minia, Egypt, 27-31 October 2007, 2007, pp. 1923-1928.
[24] G. N. Chemining'wa and J. K. Vessey, "The abundance and efficacy of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in cultivated soils of the eastern Canadian prairie," Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 38, pp. 294-302, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.05.007
[25] M. Erman, S. Demir, E. Ocak, ?. Tüfenkçi, F. O?uz, and A. Akköprü, "Effects of Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and whey applications on some properties in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions 1-Yield, yield components, nodulation and AMF colonization," Field Crops Research, vol. 122, pp. 14-24, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.02.002
[26] N. Togay, Y. Togay, K. M. Cimrin, and M. Turan, "Effects of Rhizobium inoculation, sulfur and phosphorus applications on yield, yield components and nutrient uptakes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)," African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 7, 2008.
[27] R. Hayat, S. Ali, M. T. Siddique, and T. H. Chatha, "Biological nitrogen fixation of summer legumes and their residual effects on subsequent rainfed wheat yield," Pak J Bot, vol. 40, pp. 711-722, 2008.
[28] S. Karmakar, C. Laguë, J. Agnew, and H. Landry, "Integrated decision support system (DSS) for manure management: A review and perspective," Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 57, pp. 190-201, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2007.03.006
Downloads
How to Cite
[1]
S. S. Ali and T. Salih Ali, “Assessment of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Growth and Yield Component by Application of Local Granular Organic Fertilizer, Peat and Inorganic Fertilizer: Comparative Study”, KJAR, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 195–205, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.24017/science.2019.2.19.
Article Metrics
Published
31-12-2019
Issue
Section
Pure and Applied Science
