Investigation of the Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Pipes used in Kurdistan for Piping System of Potable Water
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.16
Abstract views: 894 / PDF downloads: 1111Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are recently used in the water distribution network in Kurdistan to replace the old pipes. In this investigation, two types of HDPE pipes (namely A and B) available in the local market have been studied and their properties were compared. Mechanical properties through tensile tests have been investigated and valuable data were collected that could provide a guideline reference for the designers and end-users utilizing these pipes for water supply networks. Furthermore, the HDPE samples were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that the ultimate tensile strength recorded for pipe B was greater than pipe A by 8%. Besides, both the elongation at break and strain at break for pipe A was outperformed by almost 6%. On the other hand, the tests showed that the transition from elasticity behavior to ductility behavior for pipe B occurs earlier in comparison to pipe A. It was noted from the gathered information that the two tested pipes were within the standards with variations in their characteristics.
Keywords:
Polyethylene pipes, mechanical properties, differential scanning calorimetry, oxidation induction time, glass transition temperature.
References
[1] D. Brocca, E. Arvin, and H. Mosbæk, "Identification of organic compounds migrating from polyethylene pipelines into drinking water," Water Res., vol. 36, no. 15, pp. 3675-3680, Sep. 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00084-2
[2] S. Kanagaraj, F. R. Varanda, T. V. Zhil'tsova, M. S. A. Oliveira, and J. A. O. Simões, "Mechanical properties of high density polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites," Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 67, no. 15-16, pp. 3071-3077, Dec. 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.04.024
[3] H. Fang, P. Tan, B. Li, K. Yang, and Y. Zhang, "Influence of Backfill Compaction on Mechanical Characteristics of High-Density Polyethylene Double-Wall Corrugated Pipelines," Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2019, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3960864
[4] T. Bachir-Bey and N. Belhaneche-Bensemra, "Investigation of Polyethylene Pipeline Behavior after 30 Years of Use in Gas Distribution Network," J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 29, pp. 6652-6660, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05118-9
[5] A. Frank, G. Pinter, and R. W. Lang, "Prediction of the remaining lifetime of polyethylene pipes after up to 30 years in use," Polym. Test., vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 737-745, Oct. 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.06.004
[6] R. Khelif, A. Chateauneuf, and K. Chaoui, "Reliability-based assessment of polyethylene pipe creep lifetime," Int. J. Press. Vessel. Pip., vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 697-707, Dec. 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2007.08.006
[7] K. Leskovics, M. Kollár, and P. Bárczy, "A study of structure and mechanical properties of welded joints in polyethylene pipes," Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 419, no. 1-2, pp. 138-143, Mar. 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.12.019
[8] C. Zhao, H. Qin, F. Gong, M. Feng, S. Zhang, and M. Yang, "Mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites," Polym. Degrad. Stab., vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 183-189, Jan. 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.08.005
[9] E. M. Hoàng and D. Lowe, "Lifetime prediction of a blue PE100 water pipe," Polym. Degrad. Stab., vol. 93, no. 8, pp. 1496-1503, Aug. 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.05.008
[10] J. M. L. Reis, L. J. Pacheco, and H. S. da C. Mattos, "Tensile behavior of post-consumer recycled highdensity polyethylene at different strain rates," Polym. Test., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 338-342, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.11.007
[11] D. Castagnetti, G. Scir Mammano, and E. Dragoni, "Effect of chlorinated water on the oxidative resistance and the mechanical strength of polyethylene pipes," Polym. Test., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 277-285, May 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.12.001
[12] H. Teodorescu-Draghicescu, D. Scarlatescu, S. Vlase, M. L. Scutaru, and C. Nastac, "Advanced highdensity polyethylene used in pipelines networks," Procedia Manuf., vol. 22, pp. 27-34, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.006
[13] Y. Wu, X. You, and S. Zha, "Mechanical behavior analysis of buried polyethylene pipe under land subsidence," Eng. Fail. Anal., vol. 108, p. 104351, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.104351
[14] Y. Wang, H. Lan, and T. Meng, "Lifetime prediction of natural gas polyethylene pipes with internal pressures," Eng. Fail. Anal., vol. 95, pp. 154-163, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.09.022
[15] Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, S. Zha, and G. Qin, "Strength Analysis of Buried Polyethylene Pipeline Under Ground Subsidence Considering Multivariate Influence," J. Press. Vessel Technol., vol. 142, no. 4, pp. 1-10, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4046515
[16] T. R. Kratochvilla, A. Frank, and G. Pinter, "Determination of slow crack growth behaviour of polyethylene pressure pipes with cracked round bar test," Polym. Test., vol. 40, pp. 299-303, Dec. 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.10.002
[17] M. Alexandre, P. Dubois, T. Sun, J. M. Garces, and R. Jérôme, "Polyethylene-layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by the polymerization-filling technique: synthesis and mechanical properties," Polymer (Guildf)., vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2123-2132, Apr. 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00036-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00084-2
[2] S. Kanagaraj, F. R. Varanda, T. V. Zhil'tsova, M. S. A. Oliveira, and J. A. O. Simões, "Mechanical properties of high density polyethylene/carbon nanotube composites," Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 67, no. 15-16, pp. 3071-3077, Dec. 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.04.024
[3] H. Fang, P. Tan, B. Li, K. Yang, and Y. Zhang, "Influence of Backfill Compaction on Mechanical Characteristics of High-Density Polyethylene Double-Wall Corrugated Pipelines," Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2019, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3960864
[4] T. Bachir-Bey and N. Belhaneche-Bensemra, "Investigation of Polyethylene Pipeline Behavior after 30 Years of Use in Gas Distribution Network," J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 29, pp. 6652-6660, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05118-9
[5] A. Frank, G. Pinter, and R. W. Lang, "Prediction of the remaining lifetime of polyethylene pipes after up to 30 years in use," Polym. Test., vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 737-745, Oct. 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.06.004
[6] R. Khelif, A. Chateauneuf, and K. Chaoui, "Reliability-based assessment of polyethylene pipe creep lifetime," Int. J. Press. Vessel. Pip., vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 697-707, Dec. 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2007.08.006
[7] K. Leskovics, M. Kollár, and P. Bárczy, "A study of structure and mechanical properties of welded joints in polyethylene pipes," Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 419, no. 1-2, pp. 138-143, Mar. 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.12.019
[8] C. Zhao, H. Qin, F. Gong, M. Feng, S. Zhang, and M. Yang, "Mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites," Polym. Degrad. Stab., vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 183-189, Jan. 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.08.005
[9] E. M. Hoàng and D. Lowe, "Lifetime prediction of a blue PE100 water pipe," Polym. Degrad. Stab., vol. 93, no. 8, pp. 1496-1503, Aug. 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.05.008
[10] J. M. L. Reis, L. J. Pacheco, and H. S. da C. Mattos, "Tensile behavior of post-consumer recycled highdensity polyethylene at different strain rates," Polym. Test., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 338-342, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2012.11.007
[11] D. Castagnetti, G. Scir Mammano, and E. Dragoni, "Effect of chlorinated water on the oxidative resistance and the mechanical strength of polyethylene pipes," Polym. Test., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 277-285, May 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.12.001
[12] H. Teodorescu-Draghicescu, D. Scarlatescu, S. Vlase, M. L. Scutaru, and C. Nastac, "Advanced highdensity polyethylene used in pipelines networks," Procedia Manuf., vol. 22, pp. 27-34, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.006
[13] Y. Wu, X. You, and S. Zha, "Mechanical behavior analysis of buried polyethylene pipe under land subsidence," Eng. Fail. Anal., vol. 108, p. 104351, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.104351
[14] Y. Wang, H. Lan, and T. Meng, "Lifetime prediction of natural gas polyethylene pipes with internal pressures," Eng. Fail. Anal., vol. 95, pp. 154-163, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.09.022
[15] Y. Wu, Y. Zhang, S. Zha, and G. Qin, "Strength Analysis of Buried Polyethylene Pipeline Under Ground Subsidence Considering Multivariate Influence," J. Press. Vessel Technol., vol. 142, no. 4, pp. 1-10, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4046515
[16] T. R. Kratochvilla, A. Frank, and G. Pinter, "Determination of slow crack growth behaviour of polyethylene pressure pipes with cracked round bar test," Polym. Test., vol. 40, pp. 299-303, Dec. 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.10.002
[17] M. Alexandre, P. Dubois, T. Sun, J. M. Garces, and R. Jérôme, "Polyethylene-layered silicate nanocomposites prepared by the polymerization-filling technique: synthesis and mechanical properties," Polymer (Guildf)., vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2123-2132, Apr. 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00036-8
Downloads
How to Cite
[1]
S. R. Hassan, “Investigation of the Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Pipes used in Kurdistan for Piping System of Potable Water”, KJAR, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 166–180, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.24017/science.2021.2.16.
Article Metrics
Published
26-01-2022
Issue
Section
Pure and Applied Science
