Kalar1 and Kalar2, Newly Released Wheat Varieties for Cultivation under Rain-fed Conditions
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.4
Abstract views: 1480 / PDF downloads: 613Abstract
Improving new varieties plays an important role to increase the productivity of wheat grain yield in Iraq. Garmian region as a semi-arid area is extremely suffering with low wheat yield production as a result of continuing yield potential reduction of the local cultivars over the time. This project was conducted at the Directory of Garmian Agricultural Research to develop new cultivars through four field trials from 2009 to 2013. In the selection phase, 50 lines of Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nurseries (16th FAWWON-IR) were screened, and three superior lines (SL1; CH75479/SARDARI-HD74, SL2; CATBERD/CNO79*2/HEF1, and SL3; ID800994.W/VEE/5/CA8055/4/ROMTAST/BON/3/DIBO//SU) to the best local check (Aras) for grain yield, thousand grain weight, anthesis date and plant height were selected for testing in three field trials of comparison phase. Averaging over years, the results of this project significantly confirmed that two of the selected lines (SL1 and SL2) performed superior (4.24 and 4.73 t h-1, respectively) to the local check (Aras; 2.83 t h-1) with regards to grain yield production by about 50-60% (P < 0.001). This superiority of the selected lines compared to the local check was due to significant longer spike through increasing grain number (P < 0.001), and wider flag-leaf area which leads to assimilate more CO2 to the grain during grain filling duration (P < 0.01). Based on these results, the superior genotypes (SL1 and SL2) were then qualified for identification and officially released (Reference Number 192, dated November 21, 2018) as new cultivars namely Kalar1 (SL1) and Kalar2 (SL2) by the National Committee for Recording and Protecting Agricultural Varieties in Iraq for the climate of Garmian region.
Keywords:
Wheat breeding, New cultivar, Semi-arid climate, Kalar1, Kalar2.
References
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https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm097
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.005
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https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13604
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.008
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00079-8
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.02.021
[22] Y. Mahmood, "Drought Effects on Leaf Canopy Temperature and Leaf Senescence in Barley," Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1684-1693, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i6.1197
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https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2019.60.12.1
[25] M. Reynolds, M.J. Foulkes, G.A. Slafer, P. Berry, M.A. Parry, J.W. Snape, and W.J. Angus, "Raising Yield Potential in Wheat," Journal of experimental botany, vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 1899-1918, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp016
[26] D.K. Ray, N.D. Mueller, P.C. West, and J.A. Foley, "Yield Trends Are Insufficient to Double Global Crop Production by 2050," PloS one, vol. 8, no. 6, p. e66428, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066428
[27] R. Austin, "Yield of Wheat in the United Kingdom: Recent Advances and Prospects," Crop Science, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1604-1610, 1999.
https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1999.3961604x
[28] M.L. Maydup, M. Antonietta, C. Graciano, J.J. Guiamet, and E.A. Tambussi, "The Contribution of the Awns of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) to Grain Filling: Responses to Water Deficit and the Effects of Awns on Ear Temperature and Hydraulic Conductance," Field Crops Research, vol. 167, pp. 102-111, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.07.012
[29] Y. Sun, X. Wang, N. Wang, Y. Chen, and S. Zhang, "Changes in the Yield and Associated Photosynthetic Traits of Dry-Land Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) from the 1940s to the 2010s in Shaanxi Province of China," Field Crops Research, vol. 167, pp. 1-10, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.07.002
[30] J. Yan and S. Zhang, "Effects of Dwarfing Genes on Water Use Efficiency of Bread Wheat," Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 126-134, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2017134
[31] R. Ortiz, K.D. Sayre, B. Govaerts, R. Gupta, G. Subbarao, T. Ban, D. Hodson, J.M. Dixon, J.I. OrtizMonasterio, and M. Reynolds, "Climate Change: Can Wheat Beat the Heat?," Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol. 126, no. 1-2, pp. 46-58, 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.019
[32] B.A. Kumar, S. Azam-Ali, J. Snape, R. Weightman, and M. Foulkes, "Relationships between Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat under Well-Watered and Drought Conditions," The Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 149, no. 3, pp. 257-272, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859610000730
[33] Y.A. Mahmood, H.N. Hassan, and M.S. Mohammed, "Yield Performance of Barley Hybrids (Hordeum Vulgare L.) under Drought Stress and Non-Stressed Conditions," Passer Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 4, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.20
[34] H.N. Hassan, M.S. Mohammed, and Y.A. Mahmood, "Association between Some Grain Related Traits of Barley under Drought and Irrigated Conditions," Journal of University of Garmian, vol. 6, no. SCAPAS Conferance, pp. 76-83, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.scpas10
[35] A. Morgounov, F. Ozdemir, M. Keser, B. Akin, T. Payne, and H.-J. Braun, "International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: History, Activities, Impact and Future," Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 240-250, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2019261
[36] IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 [Online]. Available: https://www.ibm.com/analytics/spss-statistics-software
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[39] Y.A.M. Roghzai, "The Physiological and Genetic Basis of Drought Tolerance in Bread Wheat and Ancestral Wheat Species," Plant and Crop Sciences Department, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Ph.D thesis, 2016.
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S. A. Awtaq, A. S. Azeez, Y. A. Mahmood, N. R. Abdulkareem, and K. M. Jamal, “Kalar1 and Kalar2, Newly Released Wheat Varieties for Cultivation under Rain-fed Conditions”, KJAR, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 35–43, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.24017/science.2021.2.4.
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15-12-2021
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Pure and Applied Science
