Psychological hardiness and its relationship to health awareness Among Kurdish people in Kurdistan Region during the pandemic of Covid-19
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.1.4
Abstract views: 1330 / PDF downloads: 857Abstract
Objective: Like Iraq and neighboring countries, the Kurdistan region was affected by the epidemic which gradually led to a lockdown in March and April and a wide-spread disruption of people’s life and activates. In this study, the researcher investigated the psychological hardiness and its relation to health awareness among citizens of the Kurdistan region during the Corona epidemic. Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional design quantitative survey that was conducted online from 1 to 18 April 2020. After two months of lockdown due to coronavirus pandemic in the Kurdistan Region. A questionnaire of 25 questioners to measure psychological hardiness, later the researchers got the psychometric qualities. Results: The researcher observed high psychological hardiness levels in the study, because of the Covid-19 pandemic. It has shown the non-significant association between psychological hardiness and health awareness and identified several significant factors associated with this psychological hardiness and health awareness. Conclusion: Using contractive tools, the study showed that the psychological hardiness of the citizens of the Kurdistan region is at a low level during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results could serve as a framework for future research to examine the influence of the pandemic on the population's association of psychological hardiness with health awareness.
Keywords:
Psychological hardiness, Health awareness, KurdistaRegion, Covid 19 Pandemic
References
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[29] M. S. Hammoud, B. S. Bakkar, M. M. Abu-Hilal, and Y. S. M. Al Rujaibi, "Relationship between psychological hardiness and career decision-making self-efficacy among eleventh grade students in Sultanate of Oman," Int. J. Psychol. Couns., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 6-14, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2018.0556
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
[2] C. Huang et al., "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China," Lancet, vol. 395, no. 10223, pp. 497-506, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
[3] L. Duan and G. Zhu, "Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic," The Lancet Psychiatry, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 300-302, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
[4] J. Torales, M. O'Higgins, J. M. Castaldelli-Maia, and A. Ventriglio, "The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health," Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, p. 0020764020915212, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212
[5] Y. Zhang, Z. Sun, J. M. Latour, B. Hu, and J. Qian, "Hospital response to the COVID?19 outbreak: The experience in Shanghai, China," J. Adv. Nurs., 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14364
[6] S. A. Lee, "How much 'Thinking' about COVID-19 is clinically dysfunctional?," Brain. Behav. Immun.,2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.067
[7] Y. Zhai and X. Du, "Loss and grief amidst COVID-19: A path to adaptation and resilience," Brain. Behav. Immun., 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.053
[8] S. Khan et al., "Impact of coronavirus outbreak on psychological health," J. Glob. Health, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010331
[9] M. Lee and M. You, "Psychological and behavioral responses in South Korea during the early stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 9, p. 2977, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092977
[10] M. Nicola et al., "The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: a review," Int. J. Surg., 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
[11] A. A. Olagoke, O. O. Olagoke, and A. M. Hughes, "Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression," Br. J. Health Psychol., p. e12427, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12427
[12] J. Qiu, B. Shen, M. Zhao, Z. Wang, B. Xie, and Y. Xu, "A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations," Gen. psychiatry, vol. 33, no. 2, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
[13] C. Wang et al., "Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 1729, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
[14] A. Torices, "Educación distribuirá 20.000 líneas móviles entre estudiantes sin medios telemáticos," D. La Rioja. https//cutt. ly/cypEW22 Environ. Res. Public Heal., vol. 17, no. 7, p. 2381, 2020.
[15] B. X. Tran et al., "Coverage of health information by different sources in communities: Implication for COVID-19 epidemic response," Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 10, p. 3577, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103577
[16] K. Ajilore, I. Atakiti, and K. Onyenankeya, "College students' knowledge, attitudes and adherence to public service announcements on Ebola in Nigeria: Suggestions for improving future Ebola prevention education programmes," Health Educ. J., vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 648-660, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896917710969
[17] N. Tachfouti, K. Slama, M. Berraho, and C. Nejjari, "The impact of knowledge and attitudes on adherence to tuberculosis treatment: a case-control study in a Moroccan region," Pan Afr. Med. J., vol. 12, no. 1, 2012.
[18] B. Person, F. Sy, K. Holton, B. Govert, and A. Liang, "Fear and stigma: the epidemic within the SARS outbreak," Emerg. Infect. Dis., vol. 10, no. 2, p. 358, 2004.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1002.030750
[19] N. Tao, "An analysis on reasons of SARS-induced psychological panic among students," J. Anhui Inst. Educ., vol. 21, pp. 78-79, 2003.
[20] ?. ?. ?. ???????, "????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????," ???? ??????, no. pp. 497-548, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i112.1475
[21] L. Moccia et al., "Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population," Brain. Behav. Immun., 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.048
[22] S. S. Eroz and O. Emine, "psychological hardiness: a survey in hospitality management," res. J. Bus. Manag., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 81-89, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2018.820
[23] N. M. Kamal and N. Othman, "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in the time of COVID-19 Pandemic in Kurdistan Region, Iraq," Kurdistan J. Appl. Res., no. May, pp. 37-44, 2020, doi: 10.24017/covid.5.
https://doi.org/10.24017/covid.5
[24] S. S. H. Kazmi, K. Hasan, S. Talib, and S. Saxena, "COVID-19 and Lockdwon: A Study on the Impact on Mental Health," Available SSRN 3577515, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3577515
[25] S. Ashtari, A. Vahedian-Azimi, M. S. Moayed, F. Rahimibashar, S. Shojaei, and M. A. Pourhoseingholi, "Compare the severity of psychological distress among four groups of Iranian society in COVID-19 pandemic," 2020.
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-23828/v1
[26] B. Y. Q. Tan et al., "Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore," Ann. Intern. Med., 2020.
[27] N. Ozamiz-Etxebarria, M. Dosil-Santamaria, M. Picaza-Gorrochategui, and N. Idoiaga-Mondragon, "Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain," Cad. Saude Publica, vol. 36, p. e00054020, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00054020
[28] T. A. F. AL-Byirag, "PSYCHOLOGICAL PRESSURE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL STIFFNESS of STUDENTS at THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION," Coll. Basic Educ. Res. J., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 28-56, 2011.
[29] M. S. Hammoud, B. S. Bakkar, M. M. Abu-Hilal, and Y. S. M. Al Rujaibi, "Relationship between psychological hardiness and career decision-making self-efficacy among eleventh grade students in Sultanate of Oman," Int. J. Psychol. Couns., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 6-14, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2018.0556
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[1]
T. M. Mohammed, H. H. Mohammedhkan, and D. J. Qader, “Psychological hardiness and its relationship to health awareness Among Kurdish people in Kurdistan Region during the pandemic of Covid-19”, KJAR, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 29–36, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.24017/science.2021.1.4.
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07-07-2021
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