Epidemiology of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Patients Attending at Hiwa Hospital in Sulaimani City, Iraq
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.2.7
Abstract views: 1442 / PDF downloads: 771Abstract
Objectives are to identify the frequency of non-melanoma skin cancer cases were registered at Hiwa hospital and to find out the association between cases and controls with their sociodemographic status and risk factors. A case control approach was used, by retrospective chart review of all non-melanoma skin cancer cases presented between 1st of January 2015 till 31st of December 2016 at Sulaimani Hiwa hospital from which 70 cases conducted and 70 controls from Baxshen hospital. Data entered to Microsoft excel, analysed by SPSS V 21. Chi-square test was employed to assess the association between different variables, P value of 0.05 or less considered as statistical significant This study included 70 cases and 70 controls were age and gender matched, most of the cases were in between age 56-70 years old, illiterate 39(55.7%), jobless 26(37.1%), from urban area 45 (64.3%) , married 65 (92.9%). had sufficient income and barely sufficient. About (64%) of cases had squamous cell carcinoma and (36%) had basal cell carcinoma. Most of the cases had family history of skin cancer (11.4%), and 44 (62.9%) of cases had a history of more than 4 hours exposure to sun in a day and 36 (51.4%) of cases were with normal BMI. Most of the cases 32 (45.7%) with type (O) blood group, not smoking cigarette 51 (72.9%) and not drinking alcohol 69 (98.6%). This study showed a statistical significant association between non-melanoma skin cancer with level of education (P value =0.002), family history (P value = 0.02), time of exposure to sun light (P value of < 0.001) and BMI (p value = 0.001). Skin cancer and cancer percentage were in increase pattern especially non-melanoma skin cancer, most of non-melanoma skin cancer cases were squamous cell carcinoma, with a significant association with level of education, income status, time of exposure to sun light, family history and BMI
Keywords:
Non-melanoma skin cancer, Hiwa hospital, Sulaimani.
References
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https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25411
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https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12690
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61196-X
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https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12690
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https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.234
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https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.161074
[23] Surdu S. Non-melanoma skin cancer: occupational risk from UV light and arsenic exposure. Reviews on environmental health. 1;29(3):255-65. 2014
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2014-0040
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https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470750520.ch36
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https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-62
[26] Demers AA, Nugent Z, Mihalcioiu C, Wiseman MC, Kliewer EV. Trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer from 1960 through 2000 in a Canadian population. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1;53(2):320-8. 2005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.03.043
[27] Steding-Jessen M, Birch-Johansen F, Jensen A, Schüz J, Kjær SK, Dalton SO. Socioeconomic status and non-melanoma skin cancer: a nationwide cohort study of incidence and survival in Denmark. Cancer epidemiology. 1;34(6):689-95. 2010
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2010.06.011
[28] De Kok IM, Van Lenthe FJ, Avendano M, Louwman M, Coebergh JW, Mackenbach JP. Childhood social class and cancer incidence: results of the globe study. Social science & medicine. 1;66(5):1131-9. 2008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.035
[29] Jensen A, Birch-Johansen F, Olesen AB, Christensen J, Tjønneland A, Kjær SK. Intake of alcohol may modify the risk for non-melanoma skin cancer: results of a large Danish prospective cohort study. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1;132(12):2718-26. 2012
https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.198
[30] Pothiawala S, Qureshi AA, Li Y, Han J. Obesity and the incidence of skin cancer in US Caucasians. Cancer causes & control. 1;23(5):717-26. 2012
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-9941-x
[31] Nikolaou V, Stratigos AJ, Tsao H. Hereditary nonmelanoma skin cancer. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery. Frontline Medical Communications (Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 204-210). 2012
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2012.08.005
[32] Rass K, Reichrath J. UV damage and DNA repair in malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. InSunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer (pp. 162-178). Springer New York. 2008
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_13
[33] Xie J, Qureshi AA, Li Y, Han J. ABO blood group and incidence of skin cancer. PLoS One. 4;5(8):e11972. 2010
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011972
[34] Cihan YB, Baykan H, Kavuncuoglu E, Mutlu H, Kucukoglu MB, Ozyurt K, et al. Relationships between skin cancers and blood groups-link between non-melanomas and ABO/Rh factors. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.;14(7):4199-203. 2013.
https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.7.4199
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07861.x
[2] Leiter U, Keim U, Eigentler T, Katalinic A, Holleczek B, Martus P, et al. Incidence, mortality, and trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1;137(9):1860-7. 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.020
[3] Staples MP, Elwood M, Burton RC, Williams JL, Marks R, Giles GG. Non-melanoma skin cancer in Australia: the 2002 national survey and trends since 1985. Med J Aust. 2;184(1):6-10. 2006.
https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00086.x
[4] Lomas A, Leonardi?Bee J, Bath?Hextall F. A systematic review of worldwide incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer. British Journal of Dermatology. 1;166(5):1069-80. 2012
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10830.x
[5] National Cancer Control Initiative. The 2002 national non-melanoma skin cancer survey. A report by the NCCI Non-melanoma skin cancer working groups. Melbourne: NCCI. 2003.
[6] Asgari MM, Kiviat NB, Critchlow CW, Stern JE, Argenyi ZB, Raugi GJ, Berg D, Odland PB, Hawes SE, de Villiers EM. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among immunocompetent individuals. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1;128(6):1409-17 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5701227
[7] Fabbrocini G, Triassi M, Mauriello MC, Torre G, Annunziata MC, De Vita V, Pastore F, D'Arco V, Monfrecola G. Epidemiology of skin cancer: role of some environmental factors. Cancers. 24;2(4):1980-9. 2010
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2041980
[8] Woolley T, Buettner PG, Lowe J. Predictors of sun protection in northern Australian men with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Preventive medicine. 1;39(2):300-7 2004.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.015
[9] Parkin DM, Whelan SL, Ferlay J, Raymond L, Young J. Cancer incidence in five continents. Lyon (France): World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer.
[10] Payette MJ, Whalen J, Grant-Kels JM. Nutrition and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Clinics in dermatology. 1;28(6):650-62. 2010
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.033
[11] Rubió-Casadevall J, Hernandez-Pujol AM, Ferreira-Santos MC, Morey-Esteve G, Vilardell L, Osca-Gelis G, et al. Trends in incidence and survival analysis in non-melanoma skin cancer from 1994 to 2012 in Girona, Spain: A population-based study. Cancer epidemiology. 1;45:6-10. 2016
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2016.09.001
[12] Katalinic A, Kunze U, Schäfer T. Epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma and non?melanoma skin cancer in Schleswig?Holstein, Germany: incidence, clinical subtypes, tumour stages and localization (epidemiology of skin cancer). British Journal of Dermatology 1;149(6):1200-6. 2003
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2003.05554.x
[13] Rogers HW, Weinstock MA, Feldman SR, Coldiron BM. Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the US population, 2012. JAMA dermatology. 1;151(10):1081-6. 2015
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1187
[14] Rudolph C, Schnoor M, Eisemann N, Katalinic A. Incidence trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany from 1998 to 2010. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 1;13(8):788-97. 2015
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12690
[15] Brewster DH, Bhatti LA, Inglis JH, Nairn ER, Doherty VR. Recent trends in incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers in the East of Scotland, 1992-2003. British Journal of Dermatology. 1;156(6):1295-300 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07892.x
[16] Birch?Johansen F, Jensen A, Mortensen L, Olesen AB, Kjær SK. Trends in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Denmark 1978-2007: rapid incidence increase among young Danish women. International journal of cancer. 1;127(9):2190-8. 2010
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25411
[17] Rudolph C, Schnoor M, Eisemann N, Katalinic A. Incidence trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany from 1998 to 2010. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 1;13(8):788-97. 2015
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12690
[18] Ministry of Health, Iraqi Cancer Board, Results of Iraqi Cancer Registry 2011.
[19] Madan V, Lear JT, Szeimies RM. Non-melanoma skin cancer. The Lancet. 20;375(9715):673-85. 2010
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61196-X
[20] Rudolph C, Schnoor M, Eisemann N, Katalinic A. Incidence trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany from 1998 to 2010. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 1;13(8):788-97. 2015
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12690
[21] Richmond-Sinclair NM, Pandeya N, Ware RS, Neale RE, Williams GM, Van Der Pols JC, et al. Incidence of basal cell carcinoma multiplicity and detailed anatomic distribution: longitudinal study of an Australian population. Journal of investigative dermatology. 1;129(2):323-8. 2009
https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.234
[22] Razi S, Enayatrad M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Salehiniya H. The epidemiology of skin cancer and its trend in Iran. International journal of preventive medicine;6. . 2015
https://doi.org/10.4103/2008-7802.161074
[23] Surdu S. Non-melanoma skin cancer: occupational risk from UV light and arsenic exposure. Reviews on environmental health. 1;29(3):255-65. 2014
https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2014-0040
[24] Mackie RM, Quinn AG. Non?Melanoma Skin Cancer and Other Epidermal Skin Tumours. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Seventh Edition.:1801-50. 2004
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470750520.ch36
[25] Griffin LL, Ali FR, Lear JT. Non-melanoma skin cancer. Clinical Medicine. 1;16(1):62-5. 2016
https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-62
[26] Demers AA, Nugent Z, Mihalcioiu C, Wiseman MC, Kliewer EV. Trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer from 1960 through 2000 in a Canadian population. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1;53(2):320-8. 2005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.03.043
[27] Steding-Jessen M, Birch-Johansen F, Jensen A, Schüz J, Kjær SK, Dalton SO. Socioeconomic status and non-melanoma skin cancer: a nationwide cohort study of incidence and survival in Denmark. Cancer epidemiology. 1;34(6):689-95. 2010
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2010.06.011
[28] De Kok IM, Van Lenthe FJ, Avendano M, Louwman M, Coebergh JW, Mackenbach JP. Childhood social class and cancer incidence: results of the globe study. Social science & medicine. 1;66(5):1131-9. 2008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.035
[29] Jensen A, Birch-Johansen F, Olesen AB, Christensen J, Tjønneland A, Kjær SK. Intake of alcohol may modify the risk for non-melanoma skin cancer: results of a large Danish prospective cohort study. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1;132(12):2718-26. 2012
https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.198
[30] Pothiawala S, Qureshi AA, Li Y, Han J. Obesity and the incidence of skin cancer in US Caucasians. Cancer causes & control. 1;23(5):717-26. 2012
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-9941-x
[31] Nikolaou V, Stratigos AJ, Tsao H. Hereditary nonmelanoma skin cancer. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery. Frontline Medical Communications (Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 204-210). 2012
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2012.08.005
[32] Rass K, Reichrath J. UV damage and DNA repair in malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. InSunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer (pp. 162-178). Springer New York. 2008
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_13
[33] Xie J, Qureshi AA, Li Y, Han J. ABO blood group and incidence of skin cancer. PLoS One. 4;5(8):e11972. 2010
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011972
[34] Cihan YB, Baykan H, Kavuncuoglu E, Mutlu H, Kucukoglu MB, Ozyurt K, et al. Relationships between skin cancers and blood groups-link between non-melanomas and ABO/Rh factors. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.;14(7):4199-203. 2013.
https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.7.4199
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[1]
B. Mohammed Ali and H. Abas Ahmed, “Epidemiology of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Patients Attending at Hiwa Hospital in Sulaimani City, Iraq”, KJAR, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 44–48, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.24017/science.2018.2.7.
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23-07-2018
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