Assessment of eating behaviour in obese children of Bangor city
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2016.1.1.3
Abstract views: 1796 / PDF downloads: 1240Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem for people living in the UK, and it currently affects many children. The objectives of this study is to assess the psychometric measures of eating behaviour associated with obesity in primary school-aged children in the city of Bangor (North Wales, UK). Across-sectional survey of children’s eating behaviours and their relationship to obesity was done in four primary schools in the city of Bangor (North Wales, UK).The study utilized the method of cross-sectional survey of Wales’s children’s eating behaviour in association with obesity using two groups of children aged 7–8 years and 10–11 years through four junior schools in Bangor. It was assessed using the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and body composition was estimated using BMIs. Total of 153 children 81 were boys and 72 were girls. The statistical analysis used is based on multiple regression analysis with the dependent or predicted variable being BMI and the independent or predictor variables being food responsiveness, emotional under eating and exercise.It was found that exercise was significant at p value< 0.042 and negatively associated with BMI, which means that there is a significant difference between exercise and BMI. Two behavioural characteristics derived from the CEBQ which are food responsiveness and emotional under-eating. This is statistically significant at p value <0.01 and positively associated with BMI, show that increase food responsiveness and emotional under-eating is different with increases of BMI.The psychometric measures of children’s eating styles obtained from CEBQ showed that exercise change as above, with BMI; that is children who were rated as having more exercise were more likely to have a lower BMI.
Keywords:
BMI, exercise, appetite, satiety, food responsiveness, under-eating
References
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https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27479
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https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26175
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https://doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i2.1932
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https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-199512000-00018
[30] NICE, (2006). Obesity: the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. NICE clinical guideline. (43), 1-84
[31] Polivy, J. and Herman, C.P. (1999). Distress and eating:why do dieters overeat? Int J Eat Disord. 26, 153-164
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https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.158.4.385
[33] Roberts, S.B., Savage, J., Coward, W.A., Chew, B. and Lucas, A. (1988). Energy expenditure and intake in infants born to lean and overweight mothers. New England Journal of Medicine. 318, 461-466
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https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.9.748
[35] Rand, C. and Stunkard, A.J. (1978). Obesity and psychoanalysis. Am J Psychiatry, (135), pp. 547-
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[37] Renie, K.L. and Jebb, S.A. (2005). National prevalence of obesity: prevalence of obesity in Great Britain. Obes Rev. 6, 11-12
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00164.x
[38] Rand, C. and Stunkard, A.J. (1978). Obesity and psychoanalysis. Am J Psychiatry. 135, 547-551
https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.135.5.547
[39] Steptoe, A., Kunz-Ebrecht, S.R., Brydon, L. and Wardle, J. (2004). Central adiposity and cortisol responses to waking in middle-aged men and women. Int J ObesRelatMetabDisord. 28, 1168-1173
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802715
[40] Wardle, J. and Cooke, L. (2005). The impact of obesity on psychological well-being. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.19, 421-424
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.006
[41] Wardle, J., Guthrie, C., Sanderson, S., Birch, L. and Plomin, R. (2001). Food and activity preferences in children of lean and obese parents. International Journal of Obesity. 25, 971-977
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801661
[42] Williamson, D.F., Madans, J., Anda, R.F., Kleiman, J.C., Kahn, H.S. and Buyers, T. (1993). Recreational physical activity and ten-year weight change in a US national cohort. International Journal of Obesity. 17, 279-286
[43] Webber, L., Hill, C., Saxton, J., Van Jaarsveld, C. H. M. and Wardle, J. (2009). Eating behaviour and weight in children. International Journal of Obesity. 33, 21-28
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.219
[44] World Health Organization, (2003). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO Technical report series, 911. Geneva, WHO
[45] Wadden, T.A. and Stunkard, A.J. (2002). Handbook of Obesity Treatment. New York, NY: The Guilford Press Yacono-Freeman, L.M. and Gil, K.M. (2004). Daily stress, coping and dietary restraint in binge eating. Int J Eating Diosrd. 36, 204-212
https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20012
https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-032146
[2] Braet, C. and Van-Strien, T. (1997). Assessment of emotional externally induced and restrained eating behaviour in nine to twelve-year-old obese and non- obese children. Behav Res Ther, 35, 863-873.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00045-4
[3] Brindley, M. and Mail, W. (2010). Recession fuels new rise in child obesity across Wales. Available from: http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales news/2010/05/27/recession-fuels-new-rise-in-
child-obesity-across-wales-91466-26531020/ [Accessed 22 August 2010]
[4] Butriss, J. (1995). Nutrition in General Practice, 1st edn, vol. 2. Promoting Health and Preventing Disease. Royal College of General Practitioners, London
[5] British Medical Association, (2005). Preventing ChildObesity. Printed by the BMA publications unit. 1-74
[6] Cattanach, L. and Rodin, J. (1988). Psychosocial components of the stress process in bulimia. Int J Eat Disord. 7, 75 - 88
https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<75::AID-EAT2260070108>3.0.CO;2-A
[7] Currie, C., Todd, J. and Thompson, C. (1997). Health Behaviours of Scottish School Children: Report 5: Comparisons of National Patterns in 1990 and1994. Research Unit in Health and Behavioural Change and Health Education Board for Scotland, Edinburgh
[8] Cameron, N., Norgan, N.G. and Ellison, T.H. (2006).Childhood obesity: contemporary issues. Boca Raton: CRC Press
https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420038071
Taylor & Francis Group Dallman, M.F., Lafleur, S.E., Pecoraro, N.C., Gomez, F., Houshyar, H. and Akana, S.F. (2004). Mini- review: glucocorticoids: food intake, abdominal obesity, and wealthy nations in 2004. Endocrinology. 145, 2633-2638
https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0037
[9] Di Pietro, L., Dziura, J. and Blair, S.N. (2004). Estimated change in physical activity levels (PAL) and prediction of 5-year weight change in men: the aerobics centre longitudinal study. Int J ObesRelatMetabDisord. 28, 1541-1547
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802821
[10] Department of Health, (2007a). Spending review PSAs. Available from: http://www.hm- treasury.gov.uk/media/70320/sr04_psa_ch3.pdf [Accessed 20 August 2010]
[11] Department of Health, (2007b). Supporting healthy lifestyles: the National Child Measurement Programme Guidance for 2006-07 school years. Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/ Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_ 073786 [Accessed 22 August 2010]
[12] Epstein, H. L., Leddy, J.J., Temple, L.J.,and Faith, S.M. (2007). Food Reinforcement and Eating: A Multilevel Analysis. Psychol Bull. 133, (5), 884-906
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.884
[13] Educari, (2004). Children, young people and health related decisions: a review of the research literature and discussion of the implications for health education of children and young people. Roehampton: University of Surrey
[14] French, S.A., Jeffery, R.W., Forster, J.L., Mcgovern, P.G., Kelder, S.H. and Baxter, J.E. (1994). Predictors of weight change over two years among a population of working adults: the Healthy Worker Project. Int J ObesRelatMetabDisord. 18, 145-154
[15] Goodman, E. and Whitiaker, R.C. (2002). A Prospective Study of the Role of Depression in the Development and Persistence of Adolescent Obesity. Pediatrics. 110 (3), 497-504
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.110.3.497
[16] Griffiths, M., Payne, P.R., Stunkard, A.J., Rivers, J.P.W. and Cox, M. (1990). Metabolic rate and physical development in children at risk of obesity. Lancet. 336, 76-78
https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91592-X
[17] House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts, (2007). Tackling Child Obesity-First Steps. Available from: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmpubacc/157/157.pdf. [Accessed 29September 2010]
[18] Hill, J.O., Melby, C., Johanson, S.L. and Peters, J.C. (1995). Physical activity and energy requirements. Am J Clin Nutr. 62, 1059S-1066S
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/62.5.1059S
[19] Hill, C., Saxton, J., Webber, L., Blundell, J. and Wardle, J. (2009). The relative reinforcing value of food predicts weight gain in a longitudinal study of 7-10-y-old children. Am J ClinNutr. 90, 276-281
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27479
[20] International Obesity Taskforce, (2004a). Obesity in children and young people, a crisis in public health. Available from: www.iotf.org [Accessed 15 August2010]
[21] International Obesity Taskforce, 2004b. Estimates, issued at the European congress on obesity. Prague.
[22] NICE, 2006. Obesity: the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. NICE clinical guideline. 43, 1-84
[23] Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Boyce, W.F., Vereecken, C., Mulvihill, C., Roberts, C., Currie, C. and Pickett, W. (2005). Comparison of overweight and obesity prevalence in school-aged youth from 34 countries and their relationships with physical activity and dietary patterns.Obesity. 6, 123-132
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00176.x
[24] Keith, S.W., Redden, D.T. and Katzmarzyk, P.T. (2006). Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: exploring the roads less travelled. Int J Obes. 30, 1585-1594
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803326
[25] Kelder, S. H., Perry, C. L., Klepp, K. I. and Lytle, L. L. (1994). Longitudinal Tracking of Adolescent Smoking, Physical-Activity, and Food Choice Behaviours. American Journal of Public Health. 84(7), 1121-1126
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.84.7.1121
[26] Llewellyn, C. H., van Jaarsveld, C. H., Boniface, D., Carnell, S. and Wardle, J. (2008). Eating rate is a heritable phenotype related to weight in children. Am J ClinNutr. 88, 1560-1566
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.26175
[27] Leigh, R. (2010). Childhood obesity rise in Wales. Available from: http://www.fatfreefitness.co.uk/blog/99/childhood- obesity-rise-in-wales.html [Accessed 22 August 2010]
[28] Marty, K. Wolff, C. and Morgan, I. (2006). Overweight, Diet, Physical Activity, and Hypertension in Low-Income School-Aged Children. Californian Journal of Health Promotion. 4, 47-58
https://doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i2.1932
[29] Nicklas, T.A. (1995). Dietary studies of children and young adults (1973-1988): the Bogalusa heart study. American Journal of Medical Science. 310, 101-108
https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-199512000-00018
[30] NICE, (2006). Obesity: the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. NICE clinical guideline. (43), 1-84
[31] Polivy, J. and Herman, C.P. (1999). Distress and eating:why do dieters overeat? Int J Eat Disord. 26, 153-164
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199909)26:2<153::AID-EAT4>3.0.CO;2-R
[32] Patrick, K., Norman, G. J., Calfas, K. J., Sallis, J. F., Zabinski, M. F., Rupp, J., Cella, J. (2004). Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours as risk factors for overweight in adolescence. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 158, 385-390
https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.158.4.385
[33] Roberts, S.B., Savage, J., Coward, W.A., Chew, B. and Lucas, A. (1988). Energy expenditure and intake in infants born to lean and overweight mothers. New England Journal of Medicine. 318, 461-466
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198802253180801
[34] Reilly, J.J., Methven, E., Mcdowell, C., Hacking, B., Alexander, D., Stewart, L. and Keelnar, C.J.H. (2003). Health consequences of obesity. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 88, 748-752
https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.9.748
[35] Rand, C. and Stunkard, A.J. (1978). Obesity and psychoanalysis. Am J Psychiatry, (135), pp. 547-
https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.135.5.547
551.
[36] Renie, K.L. and Jebb, S.A., 2005. National prevalence of obesity: prevalence of obesity in Great Britain. Obes Rev. 6, 11-12
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00164.x
[37] Renie, K.L. and Jebb, S.A. (2005). National prevalence of obesity: prevalence of obesity in Great Britain. Obes Rev. 6, 11-12
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00164.x
[38] Rand, C. and Stunkard, A.J. (1978). Obesity and psychoanalysis. Am J Psychiatry. 135, 547-551
https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.135.5.547
[39] Steptoe, A., Kunz-Ebrecht, S.R., Brydon, L. and Wardle, J. (2004). Central adiposity and cortisol responses to waking in middle-aged men and women. Int J ObesRelatMetabDisord. 28, 1168-1173
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802715
[40] Wardle, J. and Cooke, L. (2005). The impact of obesity on psychological well-being. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.19, 421-424
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.006
[41] Wardle, J., Guthrie, C., Sanderson, S., Birch, L. and Plomin, R. (2001). Food and activity preferences in children of lean and obese parents. International Journal of Obesity. 25, 971-977
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801661
[42] Williamson, D.F., Madans, J., Anda, R.F., Kleiman, J.C., Kahn, H.S. and Buyers, T. (1993). Recreational physical activity and ten-year weight change in a US national cohort. International Journal of Obesity. 17, 279-286
[43] Webber, L., Hill, C., Saxton, J., Van Jaarsveld, C. H. M. and Wardle, J. (2009). Eating behaviour and weight in children. International Journal of Obesity. 33, 21-28
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.219
[44] World Health Organization, (2003). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. WHO Technical report series, 911. Geneva, WHO
[45] Wadden, T.A. and Stunkard, A.J. (2002). Handbook of Obesity Treatment. New York, NY: The Guilford Press Yacono-Freeman, L.M. and Gil, K.M. (2004). Daily stress, coping and dietary restraint in binge eating. Int J Eating Diosrd. 36, 204-212
https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20012
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A. O. Qasem, “Assessment of eating behaviour in obese children of Bangor city”, KJAR, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–11, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.24017/science.2016.1.1.3.
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