Anti-Obesity Effects of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale Plant Extracts and Exercise in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2021.2.18
Abstract views: 1042 / PDF downloads: 630Abstract
ABSTRACT
The Aim: To investigate and distinguish the anti-obesity activities of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale plant extracts and exercise against high-fat diet induced obesity at rat model.
Methods: Thirty healthy male albino rats were randomly separated into 5 groups (n=6): Normal control (NC), high-fat diet control (HFD-C), Arum maculatum extract (AME), Nasturtium officinale extract (NOE) and exercise. The NC group fed with normal diet (ND) and all other groups a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks. Corresponding treatments were established to the respective groups during study period. Rat body weights (BW) and food intake were obtained weekly. Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low, very low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated in serum at the end of the study.
Results: The HFD-C rats were associated with a significant increase (P<0.05) in BW gain with the elevations in serum glucose, lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C &VLDL-C), liver function tests (AST & ALT) and MDA in comparison with NC rats whereas the level of serum HDL-C decreased. Furthermore, treatments of AME, NOE and exercise along with HFD significantly (P<0.05) reduced HFD-induced changes in BW gain and the levels of serum biochemical parameters as compared to rats fed HFD. The most significant effect on reducing weight gain at model rats were recorded by NOE treatment, while the attenuated effects AME on BW gain and AST, exercise on BW gain, TG, VLDL, MDA and AST were not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Consumption of HFD for 8 weeks caused HFD-C rats obese, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic with hepatic cellular injury when compared to the NC rats. AME, NOE and exercise treatments were suppressed the development of obesity as well as attenuated HFD induced changes in serum biochemical parameters of the respective groups when compared to the HFD-C group.
Keywords:
Obesity, High fat diet, Rat model, Plant extracts, Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale and exercise.
References
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https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6583603
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https://doi.org/10.1042/BA20060105
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https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1320299
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https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704030
[11] O. Ciabattari, A. R. Dâmaso, M. Dal-Pai-Silva, and I. Freitas, "The Effect of the Aerobic Training on Morphological and Histochemical Characteristics of Tibial Anterior Muscle in Rats Fed with High Fat Diet," International Journal of Morphology, pp. 1053-1058, 2008.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022008000400041
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[13] C.-C. Peng, K.-C. Chen, C.-L. Hsieh, and R. Y. Peng, "Swimming exercise prevents fibrogenesis in chronic kidney disease by inhibiting the myofibroblast transdifferentiation," PLoS One, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. e37388, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037388
[14] R. H. Hussein, and Z. H. Ibrahim, "Influence of Omega-3 and Green Tea Extract on Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats," Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, pp. 107-116, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.2.18
[15] D. W. Lim, Y. T. Kim, Y.-J. Jang, Y.-E. Kim, and D. Han, "Anti-obesity effect of Artemisia capillaris extracts in high-fat diet-induced obese rats," Molecules, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 9241-9252, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18089241
[16] B. Bati, I. Celik, A. Turan, N. Eray, E. E. Alkan, and A. K. Zirek, "Effect of isgin (Rheum ribes L.) on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity and DNA damage in rats with obesity induced with highcalorie diet," Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, pp. 1-9, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2020.1819338
[17] Q. Li, Z. Liu, J. Huang, G. Luo, Q. Liang, D. Wang, X. Ye, C. Wu, L. Wang, and J. Hu, "Anti?obesity and hypolipidemic effects of Fuzhuan brick tea water extract in high?fat diet?induced obese rats," Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1310-1316, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5887
[18] J. Flatt, E. Ravussin, K. J. Acheson, and E. Jequier, "Effects of dietary fat on postprandial substrate oxidation and on carbohydrate and fat balances," The Journal of clinical investigation, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 1019-1024, 1985.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112054
[19] M.-N. Woo, S.-H. Bok, M.-K. Lee, H.-J. Kim, S.-M. Jeon, G.-M. Do, S. K. Shin, T. Y. Ha, and M.-S. Choi, "Anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of a proprietary herb and fiber combination (S&S PWH) in rats fed high-fat diets," Journal of medicinal food, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 169-178, 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2007.082
[20] S. MEGURO, T. MIZUNO, K. ONIZAWA, K. KAWASAKI, H. NAKAGIRI, Y. KOMINE, J. SUZUKI, Y. MATSUI, T. HASE, and I. TOKIMITSU, "Effects of tea catechins on diet-induced obesity in mice," Journal of Oleo Science, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 593-598, 2001.
https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.50.593
[21] A. Abliz, Q. Aji, E. Abdusalam, X. Sun, A. Abdurahman, W. Zhou, N. Moore, and A. Umar, "Effect of Cydonia oblonga Mill. leaf extract on serum lipids and liver function in a rat model of hyperlipidaemia," Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 970-974, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.010
[22] W.-S. Jang, Y.-S. Kim, and I.-C. Seol, "Antioxidant and Lipid-lowering Effects of Artemisia capillaris on a Rat Model of Hyperlipidemia," The journal of Korean medicine, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 11-24, 2012.
[23] S. Olusi, "Obesity is an independent risk factor for plasma lipid peroxidation and depletion of erythrocyte cytoprotectic enzymes in humans," International journal of obesity, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 1159-1164, 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802066
[24] S. C. Lima, R. F. Arrais, M. G. Almeida, Z. M. Souza, and L. F. Pedrosa, "Plasma lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in overweight or obese children and adolescents," Jornal de pediatria, vol. 80, pp. 23-28, 2004.
https://doi.org/10.2223/1129
[25] R. B. Birari, and K. K. Bhutani, "Pancreatic lipase inhibitors from natural sources: unexplored potential," Drug discovery today, vol. 12, no. 19-20, pp. 879-889, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2007.07.024
[26] M. E. Lowe, "Pancreatic triglyceride lipase and colipase: insights into dietary fat digestion," Gastroenterology, vol. 107, no. 5, pp. 1524-1536, 1994.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(94)90559-2
[27] Y. Ono, E. Hattori, Y. Fukaya, S. Imai, and Y. Ohizumi, "Anti-obesity effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract in mice and rats," Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 238-244, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.12.036
[28] S. Obici, Z. Feng, G. Karkanias, D. G. Baskin, and L. Rossetti, "Decreasing hypothalamic insulin receptors causes hyperphagia and insulin resistance in rats," Nature neuroscience, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 566- 572, 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0602-861
[29] R. A. El-Shiekh, D. A. Al-Mahdy, S. M. Mouneir, M. S. Hifnawy, and E. A. Abdel-Sattar, "Anti-obesity effect of argel (Solenostemma argel) on obese rats fed a high fat diet," Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 238, pp. 111893, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111893
[30] H. Pepe, "The effects of gender and exercise on malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and total glutathione levels in rat liver," African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 515-521, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.161
https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5884
[2] J. H. Kim, O.-K. Kim, H.-G. Yoon, J. Park, Y. You, K. Kim, Y.-H. Lee, K.-C. Choi, J. Lee, and W. Jun, "Anti-obesity effect of extract from fermented Curcuma longa L. through regulation of adipogenesis and lipolysis pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese rats," Food & nutrition research, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 30428, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.30428
[3] Z. A. Malik, and P. L. Sharma, "An ethanolic extract from licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) exhibits antiobesity effects by decreasing dietary fat absorption in a high fat diet-induced obesity rat model," International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 3010, 2011.
[4] L. Mabrouki, I. Rjeibi, J. Taleb, and L. Zourgui, "Cardiac ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat model," BioMed research international, vol. 2020, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6583603
[5] H. A. Rahman, N. G. Sahib, N. Saari, F. Abas, A. Ismail, M. W. Mumtaz, and A. A. Hamid, "Anti-obesity effect of ethanolic extract from Cosmos caudatus Kunth leaf in lean rats fed a high fat diet," BMC complementary and alternative medicine, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2017
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1640-4
[6] F. Lei, X. Zhang, W. Wang, D. Xing, W. Xie, H. Su, and L. Du, "Evidence of anti-obesity effects of the pomegranate leaf extract in high-fat diet induced obese mice," International journal of obesity, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1023-1029, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803502
[7] R. Mopuri, M. Ganjayi, K. S. Banavathy, B. N. Parim, and B. Meriga, "Evaluation of anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark on high fat diet-induced obese rats," BMC Complementary and Alternative medicine, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0598-3
[8] K. A. Oluyemi, I. O. Omotuyi, O. R. Jimoh, O. A. Adesanya, C. L. Saalu, and S. J. Josiah, "Erythropoietic and anti?obesity effects of Garcinia cambogia (bitter kola) in Wistar rats," Biotechnology and applied Biochemistry, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 69-72, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1042/BA20060105
[9] J. Wilding, S. Gilbey, M. Mannan, N. Aslam, M. Ghatei, and S. Bloom, "Increased neuropeptide Y content in individual hypothalamic nuclei, but not neuropeptide Y mRNA, in diet-induced obesity in rats," Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 132, no. 2, pp. 299-304, 1992.
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1320299
[10] M. Brown, C. Bing, P. King, L. Pickavance, D. Heal, and J. Wilding, "Sibutramine reduces feeding, body fat and improves insulin resistance in dietary?obese male Wistar rats independently of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y," British journal of pharmacology, vol. 132, no. 8, pp. 1898-1904, 2001.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704030
[11] O. Ciabattari, A. R. Dâmaso, M. Dal-Pai-Silva, and I. Freitas, "The Effect of the Aerobic Training on Morphological and Histochemical Characteristics of Tibial Anterior Muscle in Rats Fed with High Fat Diet," International Journal of Morphology, pp. 1053-1058, 2008.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022008000400041
[12] J. Karanth, and K. Jeevaratnam, "Effect of dietary lipid, carnitine and exercise on lipid profile in rat blood, liver and muscle," 2009.
[13] C.-C. Peng, K.-C. Chen, C.-L. Hsieh, and R. Y. Peng, "Swimming exercise prevents fibrogenesis in chronic kidney disease by inhibiting the myofibroblast transdifferentiation," PLoS One, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. e37388, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037388
[14] R. H. Hussein, and Z. H. Ibrahim, "Influence of Omega-3 and Green Tea Extract on Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats," Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, pp. 107-116, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.2.18
[15] D. W. Lim, Y. T. Kim, Y.-J. Jang, Y.-E. Kim, and D. Han, "Anti-obesity effect of Artemisia capillaris extracts in high-fat diet-induced obese rats," Molecules, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 9241-9252, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18089241
[16] B. Bati, I. Celik, A. Turan, N. Eray, E. E. Alkan, and A. K. Zirek, "Effect of isgin (Rheum ribes L.) on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity and DNA damage in rats with obesity induced with highcalorie diet," Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, pp. 1-9, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2020.1819338
[17] Q. Li, Z. Liu, J. Huang, G. Luo, Q. Liang, D. Wang, X. Ye, C. Wu, L. Wang, and J. Hu, "Anti?obesity and hypolipidemic effects of Fuzhuan brick tea water extract in high?fat diet?induced obese rats," Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1310-1316, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5887
[18] J. Flatt, E. Ravussin, K. J. Acheson, and E. Jequier, "Effects of dietary fat on postprandial substrate oxidation and on carbohydrate and fat balances," The Journal of clinical investigation, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 1019-1024, 1985.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112054
[19] M.-N. Woo, S.-H. Bok, M.-K. Lee, H.-J. Kim, S.-M. Jeon, G.-M. Do, S. K. Shin, T. Y. Ha, and M.-S. Choi, "Anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of a proprietary herb and fiber combination (S&S PWH) in rats fed high-fat diets," Journal of medicinal food, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 169-178, 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2007.082
[20] S. MEGURO, T. MIZUNO, K. ONIZAWA, K. KAWASAKI, H. NAKAGIRI, Y. KOMINE, J. SUZUKI, Y. MATSUI, T. HASE, and I. TOKIMITSU, "Effects of tea catechins on diet-induced obesity in mice," Journal of Oleo Science, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 593-598, 2001.
https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.50.593
[21] A. Abliz, Q. Aji, E. Abdusalam, X. Sun, A. Abdurahman, W. Zhou, N. Moore, and A. Umar, "Effect of Cydonia oblonga Mill. leaf extract on serum lipids and liver function in a rat model of hyperlipidaemia," Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 970-974, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.010
[22] W.-S. Jang, Y.-S. Kim, and I.-C. Seol, "Antioxidant and Lipid-lowering Effects of Artemisia capillaris on a Rat Model of Hyperlipidemia," The journal of Korean medicine, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 11-24, 2012.
[23] S. Olusi, "Obesity is an independent risk factor for plasma lipid peroxidation and depletion of erythrocyte cytoprotectic enzymes in humans," International journal of obesity, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 1159-1164, 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802066
[24] S. C. Lima, R. F. Arrais, M. G. Almeida, Z. M. Souza, and L. F. Pedrosa, "Plasma lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in overweight or obese children and adolescents," Jornal de pediatria, vol. 80, pp. 23-28, 2004.
https://doi.org/10.2223/1129
[25] R. B. Birari, and K. K. Bhutani, "Pancreatic lipase inhibitors from natural sources: unexplored potential," Drug discovery today, vol. 12, no. 19-20, pp. 879-889, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2007.07.024
[26] M. E. Lowe, "Pancreatic triglyceride lipase and colipase: insights into dietary fat digestion," Gastroenterology, vol. 107, no. 5, pp. 1524-1536, 1994.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(94)90559-2
[27] Y. Ono, E. Hattori, Y. Fukaya, S. Imai, and Y. Ohizumi, "Anti-obesity effect of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract in mice and rats," Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 238-244, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.12.036
[28] S. Obici, Z. Feng, G. Karkanias, D. G. Baskin, and L. Rossetti, "Decreasing hypothalamic insulin receptors causes hyperphagia and insulin resistance in rats," Nature neuroscience, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 566- 572, 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nn0602-861
[29] R. A. El-Shiekh, D. A. Al-Mahdy, S. M. Mouneir, M. S. Hifnawy, and E. A. Abdel-Sattar, "Anti-obesity effect of argel (Solenostemma argel) on obese rats fed a high fat diet," Journal of ethnopharmacology, vol. 238, pp. 111893, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111893
[30] H. Pepe, "The effects of gender and exercise on malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and total glutathione levels in rat liver," African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 515-521, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.161
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[1]
Z. H. Ibrahim, “Anti-Obesity Effects of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale Plant Extracts and Exercise in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats”, KJAR, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 190–198, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.24017/science.2021.2.18.
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02-02-2022
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