Effect of Indoleacetic Acid and Zinc Sulphate Application on Growth and Some Physiological Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna sinensis Savi) Plants
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2019.1.3
Abstract views: 1856 / PDF downloads: 1251Abstract
This study was conducted in Koya city, Iraq on cowpea (Vigna sinensis Savi) plants California black eye variety by factorial experiment including the effects of foliar spraying of Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.7H2O (ZS) or the plant growth regulator Indoleacetic Acid C10H9NO2 (IAA). Analysis of data revealed that ZS and IAA application affects significantly on the studied traits. 100 ppm of IAA increased significantly the leaves content of each of chlorophylls a, b, and total, although it decreased the content of total carotenoids. The results showed that the leaf area significantly increased by increasing the amount of ZS to 2.0 g/L compare with other treatments except 1.0 g/L ZS application. Foliar application of IAA increased significantly the dry matter percent of shoots and roots as well as the number of nodules per plant. It has been found that leaves content of zinc is related to the concentration of ZS applied significantly compared to the control and IAA treatments, however, the application of IAA caused to decrease K and Zn contents in leaf of the plants compared to other treatments. Finally, based on the results the best ratio of IAA for increased stomata number on the abaxial and adaxial leaves surfaces was 75 ppm.
Keywords:
Cowpea, Chlorophylls, IAA, Stomata, Zinc sulphate.
References
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[26] A.S. Muhammed, "Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and spraying with Seaweed extract on growth and yield of Cucumber Cucumus sativus L.", Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 1(2), pp.134-145, 2009.
[27] H.M. El-Saeid, S.D. Abou-Hussein and W.A. El-Tohamy, "Growth characters, yield and endogenous hormones of cowpea plants in response to IAA application", Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(1), pp. 27-31. 2010.
[28] A.W. Woodward, B. Bartel, "Auxin: regulation, action, and interaction", Annals of Botany, 95, pp. 707-735, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci083
[29] Y. Pii, M. Crimi, G. Cremonese, A. Spena and T. Pandolfini, "Auxin and nitric oxide control indeterminate nodule formation", BMC Plant Biology, 7:21, 2007. doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-7-21.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-7-21
[30] S. Ghosh,, C. Sengupta, T.K. Maiti and P.S. Basu. 2008. Production of 3-indolylacetic acid in root nodules and culture by a Rhizobium species isolated from root nodules of the leguminous pulse Phaseolus mungo. Folia Microbiology, 53: 351.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-008-0054-6
[31] H.M.S. El-Bassiouny, and W.M. Shukry, "Cowpea growth pattern, metabolism and yield in response to IAA and biofertilizers under drought conditions", Egyptian Journal of Biology, 3, pp. 117-129, 2001.
[32] B. Hafeez, Y.M. Khanif and M. Saleem, "Role of zinc in plant nutrition- A Review", American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(2), pp. 374-391, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2013/2746
[33] R. Prasad, Y. S. Shivay and D. Kumar, "Interactions of zinc with other nutrients in soils and plants - A Review", Indian Journal of Fertilisers, 12 (5), pp. 16-26, 2016.
[34] S. Caglar, M. Sutyemez and S. Bayazit, "Stomatal density in some selected walnut (Juglans regia) types", Journal of the Faculty of Agricalture, 17(2), pp.169-174, 2004.
[35] E.M. Peksen, A. Peksin and C. Artik, "Comparison of leaf and stomatal characteristics in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)", Journal of Biological Sciences,6(2), pp.360-364, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2006.360.364
[2] R.G. Upadhyay and A. Singh, "Effect of nitrogen and zinc on nodulation, growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)", Legume Research, 39 (1), pp. 149-151, 2016. DOI: 10.18805/lr.v39i1.8880
https://doi.org/10.18805/lr.v39i1.8880
[3] M.M. Patel, I.C. Patel, R.I. Patel and S. Acharya, "Effect of zinc and iron on yield and yield attributes of rainfed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), Annals of Arid Zone, 50(1), pp.17-19, 2011.
[4] S. Kasturikrishna and I.P.S. Ahlawat, "Effect of moisture stress and phosphorus, sulphur and zinc fertilizer on growth and development of pea (Pisum sativum)", Indian Journal of Agronomy, 45(2), pp.353-356, 2000.
[5] R. Praveena, G. Ghosh and V. Singh "Effect of foliar spray of boron and different zinc levels on growth and yield of kharif greengram (Vigna radiata)", International Journal of CurrentMicrobiology and AppliedSciences,7(8), pp. 1422-1428, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.163
[6] S. Dey, S. Prasad, P. Tiwari and P. Sharma "Effect of urea, KCl, zinc placement and spray on growth of cowpea", Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SPI, pp. 971-973, 2017. www.phytojournal.com.
[7] A.W. Woodward and B. Bartel, "Auxin: Regulation, action, and interaction", Annals Botany, 95, pp. 707-735, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci083
[8] W.D. Teale, I. Ivan and K. Plame, "Auxin in action: Signalling, transport and the control of plant growth and development", Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 7(11), pp.847-59, 2006. DOI: 10.1038/nrm2020
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2020
[9] P.J.J. Hooykaas, M.A. Hall and K.R. Libbenga, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Hormones, Elsevier Science, The Netherlands. 1999.
[10] A.C. Wiedenhoeft, The Green World: Plant Nutrition, Chelsea House Publisher. USA, 2006.
[11] H.K. Lichtenthaler and A.R. Wellburn, "Determination of Total Carotenoids and Chlorophylls A and B of Leaf in Different Solvents", Biochemical Society Transactions, 11, pp.591-592, 1983.
https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591
[12] D.J. Watson and M.A. Watson, "Comparative physiological studies on the growth of field crops. III- Effect of infection with beet yellows and beet mosaic viruses on the growth and yield of the sugar root crop", Annals of AppliedBiology, 40(1), pp. 1-37, 1953.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1953.tb02364.x
[13] F.H. Al-Sahaf, Applied Plant Nutrition, Al-Hikma House, Baghdad, 1989.
[14] Y. P. Kalra, Reference Method for Plant Analysis. Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. 1998.
[15] A.O.A.C., Official Methods of Analysis. 11th Edition. Washington, D.C. Association of the Official Analytical Chemis. 1970.
[16] P. Rai and R.M. Mishra, "Effect of urban air pollution on epidermal traits of road side tree species, Pongamia pinnata L., Journal of Environmental Sciences and Toxicology & Food Technology, 2(6), pp. 4-7, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-0260407
[17] A.H. Reza, Design of Experiments for Agriculture and the Natural Sciences, Chapman & Hall /CRC, New York, 2006.
[18] L. Su, G. Diretto, E. Purgatto, S. Danoun, M. Zouine, Z. Li, J. Roustan, M. Bouzayen, J. Giuliano, and C. Chervin, "Carotenoid accumulation during tomato fruit ripening is modulated by the auxin-ethylene balance", BMC Plant Biology, 15, pp.114, 2015. doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0495-4
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0495-4
[19] A.V. Barker and D.J. Pilbeam, Handbook of Plant Nutrition, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, 2007.
[20] M.S. Nadergoli, M. Yarnia and F.R. Khoei, "Effect of Zinc and Manganese and Their Application Method on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. CV. Khomein)", Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 8(5), pp. 859-865, 2011.
[21] T.H. Amadi, Nutritional elements in agriculture, Baghdad University, Dar-Alhikma for printing and publishing, Baghdad, Iraq, 1991.
[22] Y. Mano and K. Nemoto, "The pathway of auxin biosynthesis in plants", Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, pp. 2853-2872, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers091
[23] J.E. Coleman, "Zinc proteins: Enzymes, storage proteins, transcription factors, and replication proteins", AnnualReview Biochemistry, 61, pp.897-946, 1992.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.004341
[24] B.L. Vallee and K.H. Falchuk, "The biochemical basis of zinc physiology", Physiology Review, 73, pp.79-118, 1993.
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1993.73.1.79
[25] I.H. Cakmak, H. Marschner and F. Bangerth, "Effect of zinc nutritional status on growth, protein metabolism and levels of indole-3-acetic acid and other phytohormones in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Journal of Experimental Botany, 40:405-412, 1989. (in: Barker and Pilbeam, 2007).
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/40.3.405
[26] A.S. Muhammed, "Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and spraying with Seaweed extract on growth and yield of Cucumber Cucumus sativus L.", Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 1(2), pp.134-145, 2009.
[27] H.M. El-Saeid, S.D. Abou-Hussein and W.A. El-Tohamy, "Growth characters, yield and endogenous hormones of cowpea plants in response to IAA application", Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(1), pp. 27-31. 2010.
[28] A.W. Woodward, B. Bartel, "Auxin: regulation, action, and interaction", Annals of Botany, 95, pp. 707-735, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci083
[29] Y. Pii, M. Crimi, G. Cremonese, A. Spena and T. Pandolfini, "Auxin and nitric oxide control indeterminate nodule formation", BMC Plant Biology, 7:21, 2007. doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-7-21.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-7-21
[30] S. Ghosh,, C. Sengupta, T.K. Maiti and P.S. Basu. 2008. Production of 3-indolylacetic acid in root nodules and culture by a Rhizobium species isolated from root nodules of the leguminous pulse Phaseolus mungo. Folia Microbiology, 53: 351.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-008-0054-6
[31] H.M.S. El-Bassiouny, and W.M. Shukry, "Cowpea growth pattern, metabolism and yield in response to IAA and biofertilizers under drought conditions", Egyptian Journal of Biology, 3, pp. 117-129, 2001.
[32] B. Hafeez, Y.M. Khanif and M. Saleem, "Role of zinc in plant nutrition- A Review", American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(2), pp. 374-391, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2013/2746
[33] R. Prasad, Y. S. Shivay and D. Kumar, "Interactions of zinc with other nutrients in soils and plants - A Review", Indian Journal of Fertilisers, 12 (5), pp. 16-26, 2016.
[34] S. Caglar, M. Sutyemez and S. Bayazit, "Stomatal density in some selected walnut (Juglans regia) types", Journal of the Faculty of Agricalture, 17(2), pp.169-174, 2004.
[35] E.M. Peksen, A. Peksin and C. Artik, "Comparison of leaf and stomatal characteristics in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)", Journal of Biological Sciences,6(2), pp.360-364, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2006.360.364
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[1]
I. M. G. Tahir, S. A. Khudur, and A. M. Anwar, “Effect of Indoleacetic Acid and Zinc Sulphate Application on Growth and Some Physiological Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna sinensis Savi) Plants”, KJAR, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 15–19, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.24017/science.2019.1.3.
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20-06-2019
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