Complement protein and Immunoglobulins Serum levels in Normal Pregnant and Spontaneous Aborted Women
https://doi.org/10.24017/science.2018.2.21
Abstract views: 1629 / PDF downloads: 817Abstract
Disorder of maternal immune responses during pregnancy triggers immunological rejection of fetus antigens by maternal immune components, contribute to spontaneous abortion or miscarriage. The study was designed to concentrated on immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG and IgA) and complement elements (C3 and C4) serum levels changes in normal pregnant and abortion women. Study groups were classified into normal pregnant women (20), spontaneous abortion (30) and non-pregnant women (16) as a control group, attending to Shahid Dr. Khalid Hospital/Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics/Koya city. Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA), complement proteins (C3 and C4) were determined and analyzed for normal pregnant, abortion and control groups by using Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) technique. The results demonstrated that concentration of IgG levels in abortion differed significantly in compare to normal pregnancy (p ?0.05), while there were no significant differences in IgM and IgA serum levels among groups (p >0.05). Also, statistical analysis revealed that serum levels of C3 and C4 significantly decreased in abortion group compared to normal pregnant and non-pregnant groups (p ?0.05). Concluded that complement proteins (C3 andC4) are a good defense line during normal pregnancy, sometime activation (hyper-consuming) of complement elements may provoke spontaneous abortion, while immunoglobulins are a little role in inducing of miscarriage in pregnant women.
Keywords:
Pregnant, Abortion, IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4.
References
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[2] J. Aplin, "Maternal incenses on placental development, "Semin. Cell. Dev. Biol. vol.11, pp.115-125, 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1006/scdb.2000.0157
[3] K.Aoki ,S. Kajiura, Y. Matsumoto, M. Ogasawara, S.Okada, Y.Yagami, N. Gleicher, "Preconceptional natural killer cell activity as a predictor of miscarriage," Lancet, vol. 345, pp.1340-1342. 1995.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92539-2
[4] C.B. Coulam, C. Goodman, R. G. Roussev, E. J. Thomason, K.D. Beaman, "Systemic CD56+ cells can predict pregnancy outcome," Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., vol.33, pp.40-46. 1995.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.1995.tb01136.x
[5] P. M. Emmer, W.L. Nelen, E.A. Steegers, J.C. Hendriks, M. Veerhoek, I.Joosten, I., "Peripheral natural killer cytotoxicity and CD56+CD16+ cells increase during early pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion," Hum. Reprod., vol. 15, pp.1163-1169, 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/15.5.1163
[6] A. Moffett, F. Colucci, "Uterine NK cells: active regulators at the maternal-fetal interface," J. Clin. Invest.,vol. 124 pp.1872-1879, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI68107
[7] D. P.Robinson, S.L. Klein, "Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis," Hor. Beh., vol.62, no. 3, pp.263-271, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.023
[8] D. A. Clark, J.W. Ding, G. Yu, G. A. Levy, R. M. Gorczynski, "Fgl2 prothrombinase expression in mouse trophoblast and deciduas triggers abortion but may be countered by OX-2." Mol. Hum. Reprod., vol. 7, pp.185-194, 2001.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/7.2.185
[9] C. Xu, D. Mao, V. M. Holers, B. Palanca, A. M. Cheng, H. Molina, "A critical role for murine complement regulator crry in fetomaternal tolerance," Science vol. 287, pp.498-501, 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5452.498
[10] A. L. Conroy, C. R. McDonald, K. L. Silver, W.C. Liles, K.C. Kain, "Complement activation: a critical mediator of adverse fetal outcomes in placental malaria?," Tr. Par, vol.27, PP.294-299, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2011.02.005
[11] J. S. Gilbert, C.T. Banek, V. L. Katz, S. A. Babcock, J. F. Regal, "Complement activation in pregnancy: too much of a good thing," Hypertension, vol. 60 pp.1114-1116, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.202747
[12] O. Thellin, B. Coumans, W. Zorzi, A. Igout, E. Heinen, "Tolerance to the foeto-placental graft: ten ways to support a child for nine months," Cur. Opin. Imm., vol. 12 pp.731-737, 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(00)00170-9
[13] G. Girardi, J.B. Salmon, "The role of complement in pregnancy and fetal loss" Autoimmunity, vol.36, pp. 19-26, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0891693031000067322
[14] E.M. Miller, "Changes in serum immunity during pregnancy" Am. J. Hum. Biol., vol. 21, pp.401-403, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20882
[15] V. M. Holers, G. Girardi, L. Mo, J.M. Guthridge, H. Molina, S. S. Pier angeli, R. Espinola, L.E. Xiaowei, D. Mao, C.G. Vialpando, J. E. Salmon, "Complement C3 activation is required for antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss," J. Exp. Med., vol. 195, pp.211-220, 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.200116116
[16] B. Toth, U. Jeschke, N. Rogenhofer, C. Scholz, W. Würfel, C.J. Thaler, a. Makrigiannakis, "Recurrent miscarriage: current concepts in diagnosis and treatment," J. Repro. Immunol, vol. 85 no.1, pp.25-32, 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2009.12.006
[17] M.A. Saleh, A. A. Farhan, H. H. Alwan, (2015). Evolution the physiological effect of pregnancy on some immunological parameters for pregnant women. IOSR-JDMS, vol.14, no. 6, pp.35-41,2015.
[18] M. Sugiura-Ogasawara, K. Nozawa, T. Nakanishi, Y. Hattori, Y. Ozaki, "Complement a predictor of further miscarriage in couple with recurrent miscarriages." Human Reprod., vol.12 no. 10, pp.2711-2714, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del229
[19] Z A Al-khayat, N E Waheda, N F Shaker, "Complement C3 and C4 Levels in Recurrent Aborting Women with or without Antiphospholipid and Anticardiolipin Autoantibodies," Ibnosina J. Med. BS., vol.6, no.5, pp.213-218, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-489X.210388
[20] R. Bulla, F. Bossi, C. Agostinis, O. Radillo, F. Colombo, F. DeSeta, F. Tedesco, "Complement production by trophoblast cells at thefeto-materna linterface," J. Reprod.Immunol., vol. 82, pp.119-125, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2009.06.124
[21] K. Richani, E. Soto, R. Romero, J. Espinoza, T. Chatiworapongsa, J. K. Nien, S. Edwin, Y. M. Kim, J. S. Hong, M.Mazora, "Normal pregnancy is characterized by systemic activation by systemic activation of the complement system.," Matern Fetal Neonatal Med., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 239-245, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14767050500072722
[22] J. R. Pratt, S. A, Basheer, S. H. Sacks, "Local synthesis of complement componentC3regulates acute renal transplant rejection," Nat. Med., vol., 8, pp.582-587, 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0602-582
[23] R. Bulla F. Bossi and F.Tedesco "The complement system at the embryo implantation site: friendorfoe?," Frontier immunol , vol. 3 no. 55, pp.1-7. 2012.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00055
[24] V. Pellis, F. DeSeta, S. Crovella, F. Bossi, R. Bulla, S. Guaschino, O. Radillo, P. Garred, F. Tedesco, "MannosebindinglectinandC3act as recognitionmoleculesforinfec- tious agentsinthevagina," Clin. Exp. Immunol., vol.139, pp.120-126, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02660.x
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[1]
H. Abdulrahman Ahmad, M. M. Muhammd salih, and K. Ahmed Khidir, “Complement protein and Immunoglobulins Serum levels in Normal Pregnant and Spontaneous Aborted Women”, KJAR, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 129–133, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.24017/science.2018.2.21.
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Published
23-07-2018
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Pure and Applied Science
